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egg donation

Egg Donation and the 2024 Election: Key Considerations for Intended Parents

As the 2024 election in the US approaches, conversations about reproductive rights are front and center across the country. In fact, recent survey data found that 90% of American women are concerned about potential restrictions on fertility treatments. While the focus has largely been on abortion rights—especially following the overturning of Roe v. Wade and the recent Alabama Supreme Court ruling—it’s important to know that other areas of reproductive healthcare, including egg donation and IVF, could also be influenced by election outcomes.

As the 2024 election in the US approaches, conversations about reproductive rights are front and center across the country. In fact, recent survey data found that 90% of American women are concerned about potential restrictions on fertility treatments. While the focus has largely been on abortion rights—especially following the overturning of Roe v. Wade—it’s important to know that other areas of reproductive healthcare, including egg donation and IVF, could also be influenced by election outcomes.

At Cofertility, we’re committed to helping intended parents navigate their family-building journey with clarity and confidence. As this election season unfolds, we’re closely monitoring how political shifts could impact donor egg IVF and the future of fertility care. In this article, we’ll walk you through what you need to know to stay prepared and informed on these important issues so you can make the best choices to protect your options for the future.

Issues facing egg donation and reproductive healthcare access

This election season, reproductive healthcare policies are under intense scrutiny, especially in states where abortion restrictions are either already in place or on the horizon. Currently, fertility treatments like egg retrieval, egg freezing, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) remain widely accessible. However, ongoing changes in reproductive health policies may introduce new questions about accessibility, oversight, and insurance coverage for these treatments. In light of these shifts, staying informed is more essential than ever, helping intended parents feel secure and prepared as they navigate their options.

Understanding state-level implications for donor egg IVF

Because reproductive healthcare policies are largely determined at the state level, intended parents considering donor eggs will find their options are heavily dependent on where they (and their donor) live. In states with robust protections for reproductive healthcare, donor egg IVF remains reliably accessible. These states often have fewer regulatory barriers and, in some cases, expanded insurance coverage for fertility treatments.

In states with more restrictive policies—like the recent Alabama Supreme Court ruling— intended parents pursuing donor egg IVF may have more hurdles to overcome. While these laws don’t typically focus on egg donation specifically, changes in how embryos are handled, fertility clinic operations, or insurance mandates could still influence the logistics or costs of care. For intended parents pursuing egg donation, IVF is an essential step in the family-building journey, whether the intended mother plans to carry the pregnancy or if you’re working with a surrogate. Understanding the nuances of state-level policies is crucial, and completing your care in a state with strong protections for reproductive healthcare can help ensure smoother access to the support and services you need.

Insurance gaps and high costs

As more people pursue fertility treatments, there’s a growing movement for broader access and better support for individuals seeking assistance with growing their families. This election season, expanding insurance coverage for fertility treatments has become a central issue, with advocates pushing for policies that make family-building more accessible and equitable.

With this momentum, there’s a growing emphasis on providing inclusive care options for all intended parents, regardless of background or location. By breaking down cost barriers, these policy changes could empower more families and underscore the fertility industry’s commitment to accessible, inclusive care.

Impact on LGBTQ+ intended parents

Access to fertility treatments isn’t consistent for everyone, and LGBTQ+ intended parents face added challenges, especially when insurance coverage is limited to heterosexual couples. This can create additional financial and logistical hurdles for LGBTQ+ families seeking to build their families through egg donation.

As the election nears, policies that shape access to fertility treatments could play an important role in ensuring that all intended parents—regardless of gender, sexual orientation, or marital status—can pursue family-building. Equal access to fertility care is essential, as restrictive policies could worsen existing disparities and further limit family-building options for LGBTQ+ individuals and couples.

Access to egg donation and donor egg IVF amid political changes

Despite the focus on reproductive healthcare access in today’s political climate, IVF remains widely accessible for intended parents across the U.S. While policy discussions around reproductive healthcare often focus on abortion, new rulings and legislative proposals about embryo handling and clinic oversight are also introducing considerations for fertility treatments like donor egg IVF. Staying informed on these shifts may be helpful, as they could indirectly impact access to egg donation in some areas.

To support consistent and secure family-building options, many fertility providers are concentrating their services in states with strong reproductive protections. Some states have even responded to these discussions by expanding insurance coverage for fertility treatments, recognizing the essential role these treatments play in supporting diverse paths to parenthood.

At Cofertility, we’re here to help you navigate these changes with confidence. Our clinic-agnostic model and partnerships in states prioritizing reproductive healthcare protections allow us to offer flexible, secure options that meet your needs, whether you’re just starting out or further along on your journey to parenthood. We’re committed to helping you make informed choices in this evolving landscape.

Key election topics to watch this season

As you move forward on your fertility journey, here are a few key areas to keep an eye on this election:

Healthcare policy and reproductive rights: Any shifts in reproductive rights could have downstream effects on egg donation and IVF services in some regions. Even when specific treatments aren’t directly targeted, related legislation could influence healthcare providers’ ability to offer certain services‍
Insurance and cost coverage: Candidates advocating for expanded insurance mandates for fertility treatments could support broader access. Understanding candidate positions on these mandates can help clarify future coverage possibilities.‍
State-by-state differences: With reproductive healthcare policies managed at the state level, where you (or your donor) live can influence your access to donor egg IVF. Following the election, it may be helpful to monitor your and your donor’s state legislative landscape for changes.‍
Access for LGBTQ+ families: Policies that define infertility and coverage eligibility could affect who qualifies for fertility treatments. For LGBTQ+ intended parents, inclusive family-building policies are an essential advocacy point

How Cofertility can support your family-building journey

Reproductive health rights are at risk in the United States. Whether it’s abortion, egg freezing, or IVF–there are policymakers who do not believe women should be able to make decisions about their own bodies. As you explore your options, understanding the broader policy landscape can help you make confident decisions about your family-building journey.

At Cofertility, we’re dedicated to supporting intended parents throughout their egg donation journey, providing resources to help you explore your options and advocating for accessible, inclusive care. To ensure stability and security, we’ve proactively partnered with facilities in states that uphold strong reproductive protections. Our clinic-agnostic model empowers you and your donor to establish care in locations where family-building policies align with your values, offering secure and flexible options no matter where you’re located."

This election, as you weigh your options, we encourage you to reflect on the policies that matter most to you. Your voice—and your vote—can help create a future where everyone has the opportunity to build the family they envision.

Photo of a woman in a field wearing a flowy dress with her arms to the sky

Donor eggs

Why Egg Donor Age Matters (And Why It Doesn't)

While there isn’t a perfect age, there is an ideal age range to optimize for a successful cycle. In this article, I'll share what you need to know about how the age of the egg donor impacts your chances of success. We'll look at the biological factors that influence egg quality, explore recent research that challenges common assumptions, and discuss other important considerations beyond age. By understanding these factors, you'll be better equipped to make an informed decision when selecting an egg donor for your family.

I'm often asked by intended parents about the ideal age for egg donors. They want to know how much the age of the egg donor matters when it comes to donor egg IVF. Should they focus on finding a donor in her 20s? Is early 30s okay? While there isn’t a perfect age, there is an ideal age range to optimize for a successful cycle.

In this article, I'll share what you need to know about how the age of the egg donor impacts your chances of success. We'll look at the biological factors that influence egg quality, explore recent research that challenges common assumptions, and discuss other important considerations beyond age. By understanding these factors, you'll be better equipped to make an informed decision when selecting an egg donor for your family.

The sweet spot for egg donor age

The best age range for donor eggs typically falls between 21 and 34 years old. Here's why:

Peak fertility

From a purely biological standpoint, women in their early 20s through early 30s are generally at the height of their reproductive health. During this time:

Egg quality is typically at its best
The risk of chromosomal abnormalities is lower
Ovarian reserve is usually more robust

Emotional readiness

Donors in their mid-20s to early-30s are also more likely to be emotionally prepared to become an egg donor than younger women. This is a huge decision, and it’s important that egg donors understand the impact of their donation and can confidently follow through on the procedure. Here’s what we mean by emotional readiness:

Making informed decisions about donation
Understanding the long-term implications of the process
Reliably following medical protocols

Donor age vs AMH

As long as an egg donor is between the ages of 21-34, her AMH level will be more predictive of success than her age. AMH is an excellent predictor of ovarian response, and your fertility doctor will use the egg donor’s AMH levels (amongst other biomarkers) to determine the drugs and dosages during the procedure.

Younger donor eggs may not always be better

While the conventional wisdom often leans towards younger donors, recent research has provided some interesting insights that challenge this assumption:

A study focusing on infertility patients using donor eggs found that the chances of live birth were actually 13% lower for cycles using donors under 25 years old compared to those using donors aged 25 to 29.

An older but extensive study involving 3,889 fresh donor egg cycles revealed that donors aged 30 to 34 had a higher incidence of live birth than both younger donors (under 30) and older donors (over 34).

These findings suggest that the relationship between donor age and successful outcomes is more complex than simply "younger is better."

The good news is that the number of eggs retrieved - for donors at any age - is predictable. When you find a donor profile that resonates with you, your fertility doctor can help determine if she’s a good candidate.

Age limits in practice

American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) suggests that egg donors be at least 21 years of age at the time of donation. Most clinics and agencies like Cofertility follow this suggestion to ensure the donor is mature enough to understand the procedure and follow through on the commitment.

While there is no legal maximum age to become an egg donor, ASRM recommends that donors be under the age of 34 and most clinics follow this guideline. At Cofertility, we require our Split program members to be 33 or under.

Factors beyond age

While age is a significant factor, it's not the only consideration when selecting an egg donor. Other important aspects include:

1. Overall health: A donor's general well-being can impact egg quality

2. Family medical history: This can provide insights into potential genetic factors

3. Lifestyle choices: Habits like smoking or excessive alcohol consumption can affect egg quality

4. Fertility indicators: Measures like AMH levels and antral follicle count offer more precise fertility information

5. Fit for your family: Most importantly, you’ll want to find a fit that feels right for your family.

All the donors at Cofertility are pre-qualified. Read more in How does Cofertility Screen Egg Donors?

The bottom line

While the biologically optimal age for donor eggs is generally between 21 and 34, the "best" age can vary depending on individual circumstances and priorities. At Cofertility, we carefully screen all potential donors, ensuring that regardless of age, they meet high standards for health and fertility.

Remember, the goal is to find the right donor for your family. Our team is here to support you through this process, providing the information and support you need to make an informed decision.

Choosing an egg donor is a big step in your family-building journey. By understanding the role that age plays in egg quality and donor suitability, you're better equipped to navigate this complex but rewarding process. We wish you the best of luck!

Egg sharing

Cofertility’s Fresh Vs. Frozen Egg Donation Program: Which is Right for Me?

If you’re embarking on the donor egg IVF journey as an intended parent, one of the first decisions you'll face is whether to do a fresh or frozen egg donation cycle. At Cofertility, we offer both options, each with its own unique advantages. But before we dive into the specifics of our fresh and frozen egg donation programs, it's important to highlight a few key aspects of the Cofertility model and experience that remain constant, regardless of which path you choose.

First and foremost, every donor at Cofertility participates in our unique egg sharing model. Instead of receiving cash compensation, Cofertility donors complete a split cycle in which they keep half of the mature eggs retrieved, and donate the other half to intended parents. This means that our donors aren't motivated by financial compensation, but rather by the opportunity to help your family today alongside their own future family building goals. It's a win-win situation that ensures our donors are genuinely committed to the process and aligns their interests with those of intended parents.

Secondly, no matter which program you opt for, you'll be protected by our Baby Guarantee. While the scope of the guarantee varies with fresh versus frozen, know that everyone on our team is deeply committed to helping you achieve your dream of parenthood, and this guarantee reflects that commitment. We truly want you to go home with a baby, and we're willing to stand behind that commitment.

Third, regardless of the program you choose, you’ll have the option to decide between having a disclosed or undisclosed relationship with the egg donor. You can also meet with the donor in either program, though the timing of that meeting varies based on whether you go fresh or frozen.

With these promises in place, let's explore the specific features of our fresh and frozen programs to help you determine which path might be the best fit for your family-building journey.

Cofertility’s frozen egg donation program

Matching with a donor in our frozen egg donation program offers several benefits that make it an attractive option for many intended parents.

Increased certainty

A significant advantage of matching with a donor in our frozen program is the increased certainty it brings to the egg donation process. When you match with a donor in our frozen program, she will have already completed her initial retrieval. With things like genetic testing results and psych clearance in hand, this means fewer unknowns and a smoother path forward.

But what does this mean for you in practical terms? It means less waiting, less anxiety, and more confidence in the process. You'll know from the start that your chosen donor has met all medical requirements to donate, reducing the risk of last-minute surprises or disappointments. This can be particularly reassuring for intended parents who have experienced setbacks in their fertility journey and are seeking a more predictable path forward.

Speed

If time is of the essence in your family-building journey, matching with donors participating in our frozen program might be a great fit. Since the time-consuming screening process is complete, the period from matching to embryo creation can be significantly shorter. This is particularly beneficial if you're eager to transfer embryos as soon as possible.

With a fresh egg donation cycle, you might wait one to three months for your donor to complete all necessary screenings and synchronize her cycle with yours. When you match with a donor in our frozen program, you could potentially be ready to create embryos within days of matching. For many intended parents, especially those who feel that time is of the essence, this acceleration of the process can be a game-changer.

Baby Guarantee

Perhaps one of the most compelling aspects of working with Cofertility is our unprecedented Frozen Baby Guarantee. Unlike traditional egg banks that might offer a blastocyst guarantee, we go a step further with a live birth guarantee. This means if the frozen eggs you receive do not result in a live birth, we'll replace them with up to an equivalent number of eggs at no additional cost. You won't have to pay for any screening or retrieval fees again. This guarantee covers the entire cost of the match, providing you with peace of mind and financial protection.

Essentially, we're sharing the financial risk of the egg donation process. This can provide immense peace of mind, knowing that your investment is protected and that we're committed to your success.

Cofertility’s fresh egg donation program

While matching with a donor from our frozen egg donation program offers significant advantages, matching with a donor from our fresh egg donation program also has its own unique benefits that many intended parents find appealing.

Fresh egg embryo creation

One of the primary advantages of fresh egg donation is the ability to create embryos immediately upon egg retrieval. Some doctors prefer to fertilize fresh eggs vs. previously frozen eggs. This is because it could potentially lead to a higher number of healthy embryos, as it eliminates the need for egg thawing, a process that can sometimes result in the loss of some eggs.

Every egg is precious in this process. So while freezing techniques have advanced significantly in recent years, with vitrification there's still a small chance that some eggs may not survive the thawing process. With fresh eggs, you're working with eggs in their most viable state, potentially increasing your chances of creating healthy embryos.

Local cycles and continuity of care

When you match with a donor from our fresh egg donation program, you have the option of having that donor cycle at your clinic under the care of your own doctor. If you've already established a strong relationship with your fertility team, this ensures continuity throughout the entire process, from egg retrieval to embryo transfer.

This continuity can be incredibly valuable. Your fertility team already knows your medical history, understands your specific situation, and has likely built a rapport with you. Being able to continue working with them through the egg donation process can provide an added layer of comfort and familiarity during what can be an emotionally charged time.

Additionally, having the egg retrieval performed at your local clinic means you have more control over the process. You can be present (if you choose) on the day of the retrieval, adding to the sense of involvement and connection to the process.

A chance to meet the donor before the match is official

With either program, you’ll have the option of having a disclosed or undisclosed donation and can choose to meet the donor if that’s something both parties are interested in.

However, if you’re interested in matching with a donor from our fresh program, you’ll have the unique opportunity to potentially meet with the donor before she begins her cycle as part of our mutual matching process. This can be a meaningful experience for intended parents who value this personal connection from the outset.

For some intended parents, meeting the donor before the retrieval can help solidify their choice and create a sense of connection to the process. It can be an opportunity to express gratitude, ask questions, or simply put a face to the generous individual who is helping to make your dreams of parenthood a reality.

It's important to note, however, that this meeting is entirely optional. We understand that every intended parent and egg donor has different comfort levels when it comes to donor contact, and we respect whatever level of interaction you prefer.

Making your decision: it's all about finding your perfect match

Ultimately, for many intended parents, the choice between our fresh and frozen programs often comes down to finding the right donor. Both programs have their merits, and the best choice for you will depend on your specific circumstances, preferences, and the connection you feel with potential donors.

If you're open to either journey, we recommend exploring both options. You might find that you connect deeply with a donor in our fresh egg donation program, or you might discover that the perfect donor for you has already completed her cycle as a part of our frozen egg donation program.

Consider your priorities:

Is time a critical factor for you? If so, frozen egg donation might be your best bet.
Do you feel strongly about using fresh eggs? Then fresh egg donation could be the way to go.
Is the ability to meet your donor before the retrieval important to you? With donors in our fresh egg donation program, you could have this opportunity.
Are you looking for the highest level of financial protection? The Frozen Baby Guarantee might be particularly appealing.

At Cofertility, we're committed to supporting you through every step of your journey, regardless of which program you choose. Our team is here to answer your questions, address your concerns, and help you navigate this important decision.

Remember, this is your journey. Trust your instincts, ask questions, and don't hesitate to reach out to our team for guidance. We're here to help you navigate these decisions and find the path that feels right for you.

In the end, whether you go fresh or frozen, what matters most is the family you're building and the love that will fill your home. That is the most beautiful outcome of all. Your future child won't care whether they came from fresh or frozen eggs – they'll just be thrilled to be part of your family.

So take a deep breath, trust in the process, and know that with Cofertility by your side, you're one step closer to holding your baby in your arms. We’ve got hundreds of incredible donors on our egg donation platform who would love to help you make your dreams of parenthood a reality.

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Egg sharing

An Intended Parents Guide to Frozen Egg Donation with Cofertility

Everything you need to know about matching with a donor in Cofertility's frozen egg donation program, including the process, benefits, our frozen Baby Guarantee, and more.

At Cofertility, we believe that everyone deserves the ability to build the family of their dreams. Part of this is ensuring intended parents have access to different options for working with an egg donor, including both fresh and frozen egg donation programs. In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about working with a donor in our frozen egg donation program.

‍If you’re interested in learning more about our options for fresh egg donation, click here.

An overview of frozen egg donation

Our unique egg sharing model provides intended parents with an alternative to cash compensation for egg donation. At Cofertility, we operate based on an egg sharing model where our donors donate half of the eggs retrieved and keep the other half for their own future family planning.

The key difference between fresh and frozen egg donation with Cofertility is the point at which the donor completes her screening and egg retrieval. When you match with a donor in our Frozen program the donor’s screening and retrieval process is completed in advance of matching.

Donors in the frozen egg donation program will undergo the same rigorous screening process as those in our fresh egg donation program. All donors have been pre-qualified to move forward with egg donation per ASRM, FDA, and standard egg donation guidelines. A preliminary screening for donors includes:

Confirming the donor's age is within ASRM guidelines. All donors on our matching platform are 21-33 years old.
Reviewing the donor’s personal medical history, including lifestyle, chronic conditions, mental health, and reproductive health, in line with ASRM, FDA, and standard egg donation guidelines.
Reviewing the donor’s biological family’s medical history, inclusive of evidence of genetic disorders, cancer history, and other conditions and illnesses, in line with ASRM, FDA, and standard guidelines.
Collecting and reviewing past egg donation history with outcomes, if applicable.
AMH testing via blood draw. All Cofertility donors are required to have an AMH level of 2.0 or higher.

At the time a donor in our frozen egg donation program is listed on our platform, they will have also already completed additional screening that includes:

Antral follicle count (AFC) assessment
General health examination
Genetic carrier screening
Psychological screening

Considerations for frozen egg donation

Both fresh or frozen egg donation can be great options, depending on your individual goals and what you’re looking for at this point in time. There are several reasons intended parents may choose to pursue frozen egg donation with Cofertility.

Quicker process

Matching with a donor in our frozen program can provide a unique opportunity to move forward with your family-building plans faster, as frozen eggs can be fertilized or shipped to your clinic immediately. Time from match to embryo creation is a lot faster with frozen since the screening – which is what takes the most time – is already completed. If you’re looking to transfer embryos ASAP, matching with a frozen donor can help make that happen.

Added certainty

Because a frozen donor has completed all of her medical screening and retrieval in advance of matching, it brings a little more certainty to the process. With screening results in hand, you’ll have more certainty over whether a donor is the right fit for your family building goals from the outset which can help alleviate some of the speed bumps or heartaches that may come with a fresh donation journey. Every frozen match is also guaranteed to have a minimum of at least 6 frozen eggs and you'll have visibility into that upfront.

Generous guarantee

The pricing model of the frozen program allows us to put our Baby Guarantee on the entire cost of the match. Whereas traditional egg banks may offer a blastocyst guarantee, we offer a live birth guarantee. If the frozen eggs that you receive do not lead to a live birth, we’ll replace those with an equivalent number of eggs for $0. You don’t have to pay for any screening or retrieval fees again.

Finding the right donor

Ultimately, the most important thing is that you feel great about the donor who you match with. If you’re open to either journey, it might just be a question of finding the right donor and then accommodating whichever program she’s in.

Our Baby Guarantee

We’re truly committed to helping families grow — that’s why we’ve built one of the most parent-friendly programs out there, inclusive of our Baby Guarantee.

As highlighted above, Cofertility’s signature Baby Guarantee goes above and beyond what any traditional egg bank offers. If, for any reason outside your control, the frozen eggs that you receive do not lead to a live birth, we’ll rematch you with a new donor for $0. That means all of the medical expenses of the second cycle are covered and the only costs you’d need to pay are the additional shipping and fertilization expenses at the clinic.

If you rematch with a donor who has more frozen eggs available, you will be responsible for covering the difference in cost.

How it works

We understand how daunting the process of looking for an egg donor can be. Our team works tirelessly to ensure that the process of finding your perfect match is as straightforward and as positive of an experience as possible. If you are interested in matching with a donor participating in our frozen egg donation program, here’s how the process works:

Create a free account: Simply answer a few questions about what you’re looking for to get immediate access to our donor matching platform. From there, you’ll be able to view profiles for the hundreds of donors that are available to match with families like yours.

Donors participating in our frozen program will have a note in the “About this donor” section of their profile.

Find your match: When you find a donor with whom you’d like to match. Just press the “hold this match” button at the top of her profile. From there, you’ll be directed to pay your $500 Match Initiation Fee, which will immediately remove the donor from the platform so no other intended parents can match with her while we confirm details with all parties.

At any time, you can also schedule a free consultation with a member of our team so that we can help you find your match.

Match kickoff: Shortly after you place a hold on a match, you’ll be assigned a dedicated Member Advocate you will be with you through the process end-to-end. Your Member Advocate will reach out to set up a kickoff call, during which you’ll go over the details of the process and confirm your match preferences.
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Embryo creation: When you match with a donor in our frozen egg donation program, the donor’s screening and retrieval is complete. The next step will be finalizing the number of eggs that you’re receiving and your plans for fertilization.
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In our frozen program, donors complete two cycles. All of the eggs from the first cycle are donated while she keeps all of the eggs from the second cycle. The donated portion of the eggs will be stored at our clinic partner where the retrieval is done and can be shipped to your clinic or thawed and fertilized on site.
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Depending on the cycle outcome, you will have the option of keeping all of the eggs from that cycle, or keeping a cohort of half of the eggs from that cycle. Our team can let you know upfront how many eggs are available from a given donor and what your options are.

From there, You can ship frozen eggs to your clinic, where they’ll be thawed and fertilized. You can also work with the clinic where the retrieval took place, thawing the eggs and creating embryos onsite. Some intended parents choose to complete PGT on their embryos prior to implantation, while others may not. Some intended parents plan to carry the pregnancy themselves, while others are working with a gestational carrier. In any case, we’re passionate about creating an egg donation experience that is anything but transactional, and we are here to help make the process as seamless as possible — from embryo creation, to pregnancy, birth, and beyond.

Pricing

With the frozen program, you’ll pay a single lump sum fee that varies based on the number of frozen eggs available with the match. The full cost breakdown can be found on our pricing page.

Conclusion

At Cofertility, we know there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to growing your family with donor eggs. We’re proud to offer our unique no-cash compensation egg sharing model for both fresh and frozen donation to give intended parents as many paths as possible to grow their families. To create a free account and get instant access to our donor matching platform, click here. We can’t wait to be part of your journey.

Egg sharing

An Intended Parents Guide to Fresh Egg Donation with Cofertility

Everything you need to know about matching with a donor in Cofertility's fresh egg donation program, including the donation, screening, and retrieval process.

At Cofertility, we believe that everyone deserves the ability to build the family of their dreams. Part of this is ensuring intended parents have access to different options for working with an egg donor, including both fresh and frozen egg donation. In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything you need to know about working with a donor in our fresh program.

‍If you’re interested in learning more about our options for frozen egg donation, click here.

An overview of fresh egg donation

Our unique egg sharing model provides intended parents with an alternative to cash compensation for egg donation. At Cofertility, our donors always keep half of the eggs retrieved for her own future family planning and donate half to your family.

The key difference between fresh and frozen egg donation with Cofertility is the point at which the donor completes her screening and egg retrieval. With fresh egg donation, the screening and retrieval process is started after you match with the donor.

Rest assured, we complete preliminary screening for donors prior to listing them on our platform, so all donors have been pre-qualified to move forward with egg donation per ASRM, FDA, and standard egg donation guidelines. Initial screening includes:

Confirming the donor's age is within ASRM guidelines. All donors on our matching platform are 21-33 years old.
Reviewing the donor’s personal medical history, including lifestyle, chronic conditions, mental health, and reproductive health, in line with ASRM, FDA, and standard egg donation guidelines.
Reviewing the donor’s biological family’s medical history, inclusive of evidence of genetic disorders, cancer history, and other conditions and illnesses, in line with ASRM, FDA, and standard guidelines.
Collecting and reviewing past egg donation history with outcomes, if applicable.
AMH testing via blood draw. All Cofertility donors are required to have an AMH level of 2.0 or higher.

Upon confirming a mutual match between you and the donor, additional screening will be initiated to include:

Genetic carrier screening - initiated immediately upon match
Antral follicle count (AFC) assessment
General health examination
Psychological screening

Once the donor completes the necessary screening and receives your doctor’s approval to move forward as a donor, you’ll enter into a legal agreement directly with the donor. From there, the egg retrieval process will begin.

Considerations for fresh egg donation

Embryo creation from fresh eggs

One of the main perks of fresh egg donation is that embryos can be created immediately upon retrieval, rather than being created from previously-frozen eggs. This could potentially lead to more healthy embryos being successfully created, since the thawing process can lead to a loss of some eggs.

Local cycles

Additionally, working with a donor in our fresh program allows for the opportunity to have the donor cycle at your clinic, potentially even with your doctor. If you have already established a great relationship with your doctor and their team, this can ensure continuity throughout the entire process.

Meeting the donor pre-retrieval

While both programs allow you to meet with the donor (and both allow for disclosed or undisclosed donations), with fresh egg donation, you can meet with the donor in advance of her completing her retrieval cycle.

Finding the right donor

Our Baby Guarantee

We’re truly committed to helping families grow — that’s why we’ve built one of the most parent-friendly programs out there, inclusive of our Baby Guarantee.

While some agencies require you to pay extra to guarantee a set number of embryos, Cofertility’s Baby Guarantee is built into our fees upfront. If anything outside your control happens during the process that prevents you from bringing your baby home, we will re-match you for free, as many times as it takes.

What does this mean, exactly? If you match with a donor who doesn’t pass screening, we’ll rematch you. If the donor’s egg retrieval does not result in any mature eggs, we’ll rematch you. If no healthy embryos are created, we’ll rematch you. If no embryos result in a live birth, we’ll rematch you. In other words, we’re in this together, and we’re committed to helping your family grow.

How it works

We understand how daunting the process of looking for an egg donor can be. Our team works tirelessly to ensure that the process of finding your perfect match is as straightforward and as positive of an experience as possible. If you are interested in matching with a donor participating in our fresh egg donation program, here’s how the process works:

Create a free account: Simply answer a few questions about what you’re looking for to get immediate access to our donor matching platform at no cost. From there, you’ll be able to view profiles for the hundreds of donors that are available to match with families like yours. All donors listed on our platform are available for fresh donation unless noted otherwise in the “About this donor” section of her profile.

Find your match: When you find a donor with whom you’d like to match. Just press the “hold this match” button at the top of her profile. From there, you’ll be directed to pay your $500 Match Initiation Fee, which will immediately remove the donor from the platform so no other intended parents can match with her while we confirm details with all parties.

At any time, you can also schedule a free consultation with a member of our team so that we can help you find your match.

Mutual match confirmation: Shortly after you place a hold on a match, you’ll be assigned a dedicated Member Advocate who will be with you through the process end-to-end. Your Member Advocate will reach out to set up a kickoff call, during which you’ll go over the details of the process and confirm your match preferences. At the same time, the donor will go through the same process, to ensure a mutual match all around.

Additionally, if both parties are interested, we can facilitate a virtual or in-person meeting between you and your donor. This can be done on- or off- camera and with or without names revealed, in order to accommodate both disclosed and undisclosed matches.

Donor screening and retrieval: Once the match is confirmed by you and the donor, we’ll get started on coordinating the donor’s in-person screening. This can be done either at your clinic (you’ll be responsible for paying for the donor’s travel expenses) or at a clinic local to the donor. Once all screening results are in and we receive approval from your doctor, you’ll work with an attorney who will draft a legal agreement between you and the donor. Once there’s legal clearance, the donor’s retrieval cycle will be scheduled.

The split and embryo creation: On the day of the donor’s retrieval, the mature egg yield will be split evenly between both parties (if there is an odd number of mature eggs retrieved, you will receive the “extra” egg). The donor’s portion of the eggs retrieved will be immediately frozen and put into long term storage. Most intended parents choose to create embryos immediately upon retrieval, but you’ll also have the option to freeze unfertilized eggs, if preferred.

Post-embryo creation, what happens next is entirely up to you. Some intended parents opt to complete a fresh embryo transfer, while others may decide to freeze and store embryos for later use. Some intended parents choose to complete PGT on their embryos prior to implantation, while others may not. Some intended parents plan to carry the pregnancy themselves, while others are working with a gestational carrier. In any case, we’re passionate about creating an egg donation experience that is anything but transactional, and we are here to help make the process as seamless as possible — from embryo creation, to pregnancy, birth, and beyond.

Pricing

With a fresh cycle, you can expect to pay the Match Initiation Fee, Cofertility’s Coordination Fee, and a range of expenses to various third parties involved in the process, including lawyers, genetic counselors, and your clinic. We break this down in more detail on our pricing page.

Conclusion

Donor eggs

Does Donor Egg IVF Increase Chances of Twins?

Does donor egg IVF increase the chances of conceiving twins? In this guide, I’ll dive into the essentials of donor egg IVF, its odds for success, the chances for twins, and the potential risks associated with multiples.

The world of fertility treatments is a rapidly-evolving landscape, teeming with options, intricacies, and promises of renewed hope for LGBTQ+ families as well as those struggling to conceive. Among these treatments, donor egg in vitro fertilization (IVF) has become an increasingly common path, with a substantial 12% of all IVF cycles in the U.S., over 16,000 a year, involving eggs retrieved from a donor.

But does donor egg IVF increase the chances of conceiving twins? In this guide, I’ll dive into the essentials of donor egg IVF, its odds for success, the chances for twins, and the potential risks associated with multiples.

What is donor egg IVF?

IVF with donor eggs is a medical procedure where eggs are collected from a donor, fertilized in a laboratory with the intended father's or a donor's sperm, and the resulting embryo is then implanted in the uterus of the intended mother or a gestational carrier.

This process may be an option for women with diminished ovarian reserve, repeated IVF failure, infertility due to recurrent miscarriage, or those who carry genetic disorders that they do not want to pass on to their children. It is also an option for LGBTQ+ families and single males.

Donor egg IVF typically involves several steps: the selection of an egg donor, extraction and fertilization of the donor eggs, and transfer of the embryo(s). To learn more about the process, check out this article.

What are the odds of getting pregnant with donor eggs?

Success rates for donor egg IVF are often more promising compared to traditional IVF. At Cofertility, for those who match with a donor in our fresh egg donation program, the average number of mature eggs a family receives and fertilizes is 12. The number of eggs retrieved varies by patient and cycle, but can be predicted by a donor’s age, AMH, and antral follicle count, all of which will be known to you after the donor’s initial screening. Qualified candidates have an ample ovarian reserve for both their own needs and sharing. Egg share donors also often work closely with a fertility doctor to determine, based on their own medical history, the optimal number of eggs needed for their own future family-building goals. Should it make sense for the donor, they may choose to pursue a second egg-sharing cycle to maximize the chances of success for everyone.

Matching with a donor in our frozen program can provide the opportunity to move forward with your family-building plans faster, as frozen eggs can be fertilized or shipped to your clinic immediately or as soon as the cycle is complete. Donors undergoing frozen cycles complete equally rigorous ovarian reserve testing. While the total number of frozen eggs available will vary based on the donor’s retrieval outcomes, every frozen match is guaranteed to have a minimum of at least 6 frozen eggs. To learn more about these programs and the differences between them, click here.

Around 53 percent of all donor egg cycles will result in at least one live birth. This percentage varies depending on the egg donor, recipient body mass index, stage of embryo at transfer, the number of oocytes retrieved, and the quality of the clinic.

At every age, the chances of birth with donor eggs is better, but those who benefit the most from donor eggs are women over 35 and those with low ovarian reserve. In fact, about one-quarter of women over 40 who succeeded with IVF did so through the use of donor eggs.

The chart was made using the SART Patient Predictor for an average woman (5’4”, 150 lbs) with diminished ovarian reserve. As you can see, the chances of live birth after one donor egg cycle is 54% for recipients under 40, and only goes down slightly after this.

The advantage is primarily due to the utilization of eggs from younger donors, typically between the ages of 21 and 34.

It’s important to remember that your age when you get pregnant is not as important as the age of the eggs with which you get pregnant. The success of egg donation depends on many factors, but is not considered to be related to the age of the recipient.

Chances of twins with donor eggs

One question we get a lot is the likelihood of conceiving twins with donor egg IVF.

According to the CDC, in 2021 live births from donor egg IVF had a slightly higher chance of twins compared to IVF with a patient’s own eggs.

General population: 3.2%
IVF with patient’s own eggs: 5.2%
Donor egg IVF: 6.0%
Donor embryo IVF: 7.4%

But as you can see from the data above, IVF (regardless of whose eggs are used) is associated with higher chances of twins.

How does that work? First, the chances of an embryo splitting and becoming monozygotic twins (aka identical twins) is 2.25 times higher with IVF than with unassisted conception.

But twins after IVF are usually due to a patient having more than one embryo transferred to the uterus, making them dizygotic twins. When IVF was just starting out, there was no genetic testing and fertility doctors would transfer multiple embryos at one time. This led to a multiples rate of over 20% for those who underwent IVF. Nowadays, as technology has advanced, single embryo transfers are the norm, and the incidence of twins has gone down drastically.

Can I transfer two donor egg embryos?

The transfer of two embryos is an option in some fertility clinics, and it often increases the chances of pregnancy. However, it's important to consider the associated risks, benefits, and guidelines.

The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) recommends that clinicians and patients carefully discuss the number of embryos to be transferred, considering factors like maternal age, embryo quality, and the patient's individual medical situation. In some cases, transferring two embryos may be a viable option, while in others, a single embryo transfer may be the preferred route to minimize the risk of multiples,

Risk of pregnancy with multiples

While the prospect of twins may be appealing to some, there are increased risks associated with multiple pregnancies. Twin pregnancies are associated with higher rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal complications such as gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.

Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation, occurs more frequently in multiple pregnancies. Preterm infants may face an array of health challenges, including respiratory distress syndrome, infections, and long-term developmental issues. These risks underscore the importance of careful monitoring during pregnancy and specialized neonatal care following birth.
Low birth weight, often linked to preterm birth, is a common occurrence in twin pregnancies. Infants born with low birth weight are at increased risk for health problems both immediately after birth and later in life. Challenges may include difficulties with feeding and temperature regulation, as well as potential long-term developmental delays.
Other complications from twin pregnancies due to added stress on the mother's body can lead to an increased risk of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Other potential complications may include an increased likelihood of cesarean section (C-section), excessive bleeding during childbirth, and higher rates of postpartum depression.

You should understand these risks and engage in thoughtful, well-informed planning and decision-making with your fertility doctor if you are considering the transfer of multiple embryos in donor egg IVF.

The bottom line

Donor egg IVF represents a beacon of hope for many aspiring parents. With its relatively high success rate, more and more families are turning to donor eggs to build their family.

However, the decision to pursue this treatment—and whether to transfer one or two embryos—requires careful consideration of the odds, potential risks, and individual medical circumstances. Consulting with fertility doctors, understanding the available scientific data, and considering personal preferences and ethical considerations will equip you to make informed choices on your journey towards parenthood. We wish you all the best!

Learn about egg sharing

Here’s how it works: our unique model empowers women to take control of their own reproductive health while giving you the gift of a lifetime. Our donors aren’t doing it for cash – they keep half the eggs retrieved for their own future use, and donate half to your family.

We aim to be the best egg sharing program, providing an experience that honors, respects, and uplifts everyone involved. Here’s what sets us apart:

Human-centered. We didn’t like the status quo in egg donation. So we’re doing things differently, starting with our human-centered matching platform.
Donor empowerment. Our model empowers donors to preserve their own fertility, while lifting you up on your own journey. It’s a win-win.
Diversity: We’re proud about the fact that the donors on our platform are as diverse as the intended parents seeking to match with them. We work with intended parents to understand their own cultural values — including regional nuances — in hopes of finding them the perfect match.
Baby guarantee. We truly want to help you bring your baby home, and we will re-match you for free until that happens.
Lifetime support: Historically, other egg donation options have treated egg donor matching as a one-and-done experience. Beyond matching, beyond a pregnancy, beyond a birth…we believe in supporting the donor-conceived family for life. Our resources and education provide intended parents with the guidance they need to raise happy, healthy kids and celebrate their origin stories.

We are obsessed with improving the family-building journey — today or in the future — and are in an endless pursuit to make these experiences more positive. Create a free account to get started today!

a young boy standing in tall grass and smiling while looking up with his arms in the air

Donor eggs

IVF after 40: Should I Use My Own Eggs or Donor Eggs?

For women who are in their 40s and considering IVF, a common question arises: should I use my own eggs or donor eggs? In this article, we’ll review valuable insights and information to help you make an informed decision on your IVF journey.

In recent years, advancements in reproductive technologies have given hope to many individuals and couples struggling with infertility. In vitro fertilization (IVF) in particular has enabled more people to become parents and grow their families. Some estimate that there have been over eight million babies born via IVF (including my own!). And 1 in 8 IVF cycles are estimated to involve eggs retrieved from a donor.

How successful is IVF with your own eggs at 40?

Unfortunately, as we age our fertility naturally declines, and this decline becomes more significant after the age of 35. By the age of 40, a woman's ovarian reserve (the number and quality of eggs she has) is often diminished. Consequently, the success rates of IVF using a woman's own eggs decrease with age.

According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) data, the live birth rate per IVF cycle for women over 40, using their own eggs, is 7.6%. This means that out of every 100 IVF cycles, only 7-8 result in a live birth.

While age plays a huge role in your chances of success, there are other factors that influence IVF outcomes including overall health, previous pregnancies, sperm health, the quality of the clinic, and the quality of the embryos. It is important to have realistic expectations when considering IVF with one's own eggs at the age of 40. A fertility doctor should be able to give you an idea of your chances of success with a proper fertility evaluation.

Should I try IVF with my own eggs or go straight to donor eggs?

Deciding whether to try IVF with your own eggs or proceed directly to donor eggs is a deeply personal and complex choice. Several factors should be taken into consideration, including your age, ovarian reserve, overall health, previous fertility history, and emotional readiness.

For those in their early 40s with a good ovarian reserve and no underlying fertility issues, attempting IVF with your own eggs may be a reasonable option. A fertility doctor can evaluate your specific circumstances and provide guidance based on their expertise.

On the other hand, some people want the fastest and most likely path to a healthy pregnancy and healthy baby. Especially if your journey has already been long, hard, and expensive, the decision to use donor eggs may bring renewed hope.

If your ovarian reserve is significantly diminished, or if previous attempts at IVF have been unsuccessful, using donor eggs may offer a higher chance of success. Donor eggs come from egg donors who have passed rigorous screening including ovarian reserve, reproductive health, general health, and genetics. This can increase the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy and live birth.

What is the success rate of IVF with donor eggs?

Donor egg IVF has the highest success rate of any fertility treatment. This means that donor eggs can drastically increase your chances of success! Around 53 percent of all donor egg cycles will result in at least one live birth. This percentage varies depending on the egg donor, recipient body mass index, stage of embryo at transfer, the number of oocytes retrieved, and the quality of the clinic.

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What is the risk of miscarriage with donor eggs?

The short answer is that using donor eggs decreases the risk of miscarriage for most women. Especially for those who experienced previous miscarriages due to chromosomal abnormalities. Because egg donors are young (under 33) and medically cleared, outcomes with donor eggs are better than outcomes with a patient’s own eggs.

Age is a significant factor in miscarriage risk. As women age, the quality of their eggs decreases, and the risk of chromosomal abnormalities increases, which can lead to miscarriage. By using younger, healthier eggs from a donor, the risk of chromosomal abnormalities is significantly reduced.

Furthermore, the donor egg IVF process involves extensive screening of the donor to ensure that she is in good health and has a low risk of genetic disorders. This can further reduce the risk of miscarriage, as genetic disorders can be a significant contributor to pregnancy loss.

Pros and cons of using donor eggs vs. your own eggs

Let’s go over some of the advantages and disadvantages of using donor eggs for IVF.

The pros of using donor eggs include:

Better egg quality: Eggs from donors tend to have better genetic quality, potentially reducing the risk of chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders.
More embryos: A medically cleared egg donor is likely to lead to more embryos, often giving families more options, including gender selection.
Increased success rates: Donor eggs come from young (under 33), healthy donors, which can improve the chances of successful fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy – getting a baby in your arms sooner.

The challenges of using donor eggs include:

Emotional considerations: Using donor eggs may bring up complex emotional issues, such as feelings of loss, grief, or concerns about genetic connections. It is important to seek counseling or support to address these emotions.
Financial costs: Using donor eggs adds an additional expense to the IVF process.

Find an amazing egg donor at Cofertility

At Cofertility, our program is unique. After meeting with hundreds of intended parents, egg donors, and donor-conceived people, we decided on an egg donation model that we think best serves everyone involved: egg sharing. We didn’t invent the concept of egg sharing, but we are the first to take it national (and even global!).

We aim to be the best egg sharing program, providing an experience that honors, respects, and uplifts everyone involved. Here’s what sets us apart:

Baby guarantee. We truly want to help you bring your baby home, and we will re-match you for free until that happens.
Donor empowerment. Our model empowers donors to preserve their own fertility, while lifting you up on your own journey. It’s a win-win.
Diversity: We’re proud about the fact that the donors on our platform are as diverse as the intended parents seeking to match with them. We work with intended parents to understand their own cultural values — including regional nuances — in hopes of finding them the perfect match.
Human-centered. We didn’t like the status quo in egg donation. So we’re doing things differently, starting with our human-centered matching platform.
Lifetime support: Historically, other egg donation options have treated egg donor matching as a one-and-done experience. Beyond matching, beyond a pregnancy, beyond a birth…we believe in supporting the donor-conceived family for life. Our resources and education provide intended parents with the guidance they need to raise happy, healthy kids and celebrate their origin stories.

For those who match with a donor in our fresh egg donation program, the average number of mature eggs a family receives and fertilizes is 12. The number of eggs retrieved varies by patient and cycle, but can be predicted by a donor’s age, AMH, and antral follicle count, all of which will be known to you after the donor’s initial screening. Qualified candidates have an ample ovarian reserve for both their own needs and sharing. Egg share donors also often work closely with a fertility doctor to determine, based on their own medical history, the optimal number of eggs needed for their own future family-building goals. Should it make sense for the donor, they may choose to pursue a second egg-sharing cycle to maximize the chances of success for everyone.

Matching with a donor in our frozen program can provide the opportunity to move forward with your family-building plans faster, as frozen eggs can be fertilized or shipped to your clinic immediately. Donors undergoing frozen cycles complete equally rigorous ovarian reserve testing. While the total number of frozen eggs available will vary based on the donor’s retrieval outcomes, every frozen match is guaranteed to have a minimum of at least 6 frozen eggs.

To learn more about these programs and the differences between them, click here.

How much do donor eggs cost?

The cost of egg sharing can vary based on whether you opt for a fresh or frozen donation cycle as well as other factors like the fertility clinic or donor's location. Unlike traditional egg donation, donors in egg sharing programs do not receive cash compensation, which can reduce your overall expenses.

For a more detailed breakdown of Cofertility's pricing, including estimates, you can visit our pricing page. All of our pricing also includes our Baby Guarantee, our promise that if for any reason outside your control your initial match does not lead to a live birth, we’ll re-match you for free until that happens.

Summing it up

While IVF with one's own eggs can still offer a chance of success after 40, the use of donor eggs can significantly increase the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy and live birth.

Deciding between using your own eggs or donor eggs for IVF is a deeply personal choice that may be weighing on you. If you are hesitating to use donor eggs, we highly recommend connecting with a parent or support group of others who have walked down this path. We have never met a parent through egg donation who has regretted their decision. A fertility psychologist who has experience in this area can also provide guidance.

Ultimately, the goal is to make an informed choice that aligns with your desires, values, and the best chances of achieving a healthy pregnancy and fulfilling parenthood. Wherever you land, we wish you all the best.

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Donor eggs

How Many Babies Have Been Born Via Donor Eggs?

The use of donor eggs has become increasingly popular in recent years as more and more couples struggle with infertility or genetic disorders that prevent them from conceiving naturally. We know that using donor eggs can greatly increase the chances of success for an infertile couple. But how many babies have actually been born via donor eggs? Let’s dive in.

The use of donor eggs has become increasingly popular in recent years as more and more couples struggle with infertility or genetic disorders that prevent them from conceiving naturally.

We know that using donor eggs can greatly increase the chances of success for an infertile couple. But how many babies have actually been born via donor eggs? Let’s dive in.

How donor eggs work

Donor egg IVF involves fertilizing a donated egg with sperm from the intended father or a donor. The resulting embryo is then transferred to the uterus of the intended mother or a gestational carrier. Donor egg treatment may be necessary for a variety of reasons, including advanced maternal age, premature ovarian failure, a genetic disorder that may be passed down to the child, or for gay dads who also need a gestational carrier.

Before beginning treatment, the intended mother or gestational carrier will undergo a series of medical tests to ensure that their uterus is healthy and ready for pregnancy. The intended father or donor will also undergo testing to evaluate the quality and quantity of their sperm. Once the donor egg has been fertilized, the resulting embryo is monitored for a few days to ensure that it develops normally. At this point, some families opt to do preimplantation genetic screening (PGT). The embryo is then transferred to the uterus, where it will hopefully implant and begin to grow into a healthy baby.

The first donor egg baby

The first successful human egg donation took place in 1983 when an Australian woman with premature ovarian failure was able to conceive using a donated egg. The next year, the first American child was born via egg donation in Southern California. Since then, the practice has become increasingly popular, and the use of donor eggs has become an essential part of modern fertility treatments.

Donor egg births in the United States in 2021

While it's hard to know the exact number of egg donation cycles each year, we can get a good estimate through the Society for Reproductive Technology (SART), which tracks data for nearly 400 US clinics annually.

In 2021 there were over 20,000 IVF transfers using donor eggs at SART-reporting clinics. That is up 19% from the previous year. Of those transfers:

Fresh donor eggs: 1,383
Frozen donor eggs: 3,088
Thawed embryos: 16,279

These transfers led to nearly 10,000 births. Which means 1 in 373 births in the United States in 2021 were thanks to donor eggs.

Donor egg births around the world

Donor egg usage is not limited to the United States. While there’s no way to get the exact number of donor egg cycles globally, we can get a sense of the magnitude by looking at data from the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART). ICMART collects data from 2,971 clinics in 79 countries, and found that there were 161,139 egg donation transfers in 2018.

The use of donor eggs is more common in countries and regions with better access to IVF, and where legal, cultural, or religious beliefs make the use of donor eggs more acceptable. Plus, the use of donor eggs in IVF may be underreported in some countries, as not all countries require procedures to be reported to regulatory agencies.

An estimate of the number of babies born via egg donation

There have been hundreds of thousands, if not more, children born through egg donation around the world since 1983. And while we wish someone was keeping a perfect tally, unfortunately all we can do is gather data from disparate sources. Here’s what we know:

More than 70,000 donor conceived children have been born in the UK since 1991. The total number of babies born via egg donation in 2019 was 1,327, up 88% from 2009.
In Australia and New Zealand, there were 3,316 IVF cycles performed using donor eggs (or embryos) in 2017 with 727 live births reported.
In China, from 2013 to 2016, there were 1,642 donor egg cycles at 327 reporting fertility clinics, according to The Chinese Society of Reproductive Medicine (CSRM).
In 2017, there were a total of 28,377 donor egg cycles reported in Europe, according to the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE).

Innovations in donor egg IVF

In addition to traditional donor egg treatments, there are now several newer technologies available that may help improve the success rates of donor egg treatment. For example, PGT can be used to screen embryos for genetic disorders before they are transferred to the uterus. This can help ensure that only healthy embryos are transferred, increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy.

There are also new methods of egg freezing that may help increase the availability of donor eggs. In the past, egg freezing was only recommended for women who were undergoing chemotherapy or other medical treatments that could damage their eggs. Today, however, more and more women are choosing to freeze their eggs for social reasons, such as delaying pregnancy until later in life. This has led to an increase in the availability of donor eggs, as more women are choosing to donate their frozen eggs to help others conceive.

We aim to be the best egg-sharing program, providing an experience that honors, respects, and uplifts everyone involved. Here’s what sets us apart:

Human-centered. We didn’t like the status quo in egg donation. So we’re doing things differently, starting with our human-centered matching platform.
Donor empowerment. Our model empowers donors to preserve their own fertility, while lifting you up on your own journey. It’s a win-win.
Diversity: We’re proud of the fact that the donors on our platform are as diverse as the intended parents seeking to match with them. We work with intended parents to understand their own cultural values — including regional nuances — in hopes of finding them the perfect match.
Baby guarantee. We truly want to help you bring your baby home, and we will re-match you for free until that happens.
Lifetime support: Historically, other egg donation options have treated egg donor matching as a one-and-done experience. Beyond matching, beyond a pregnancy, beyond a birth…we believe in supporting the donor-conceived family for life. Our resources and education provide intended parents with the guidance they need to raise happy, healthy kids and celebrate their origin stories.

We are obsessed with improving the family-building journey — today or in the future — and are in an endless pursuit to make these experiences more positive!

What are the chances of pregnancy with donor eggs?

Using donor eggs can increase your chances of success. Around 53 percent of all donor egg cycles will result in at least one live birth. This percentage varies depending on the egg donor, sperm quality, recipient body mass index, stage of embryo at transfer, the number of oocytes retrieved, and the quality of the clinic. To get a better idea of your chances with donor eggs, talk to your fertility doctor who should be able to give you a better idea of your chances given your specific case.

Becoming a parent via donor eggs

If you are looking to use donor eggs to build your family, we’d love to help. Cofertility is a human-first fertility ecosystem rewriting the egg donation experience. Our Family by Co platform serves as a more transparent, ethical egg donor matching platform. We are obsessed with improving the family-building journey — today or in the future — and are in an endless pursuit to make these experiences more positive. Create a free account today!

Donor eggs

Egg Donor IVF: What You Need to Know

Using donor eggs can sometimes be an overwhelming process, and there are many things that you may not be aware of until you start the process. In this article, I will lay out some things that you should know about using donor eggs.

Using donor eggs can be a life-changing experience for couples struggling with infertility. For many, it is the best way to achieve a successful pregnancy and start a family. However, using donor eggs can sometimes be an overwhelming process, and there are many things that you may not be aware of until you start the process. In this article, I will lay out some things that you should know about using donor eggs.

If you’ve done IVF before, you know the drill

IVF can be broken down into three phases:

The retrieval phase, where the eggs are matured and extracted
The embryo phase, where eggs are fertilized and monitored in the lab
And the transfer phase, where an embryo is transferred to the uterus of the intended mother or gestational carrier

With donor eggs, the egg donor undergoes the retrieval and then her job is done. The eggs are then fertilized with the sperm of the intended father (or a sperm donor) and grown for three to seven days under the careful eye of a trained embryologist. At this point, some families opt to do genetic testing. Once the embryo is ready, the intended mother, or a gestational carrier, takes over to carry the pregnancy to term.

Unless your doctor has determined that it is impossible or dangerous for you to safely carry a pregnancy, you can absolutely undergo IVF and get pregnant with donor eggs.

Choosing an egg donor is a huge decision

Finding an egg donor can be a challenging and time-consuming process, and rightfully so! You want to ensure that you find the right match that you feel good about. When choosing a donor, it's essential to consider factors such as physical traits, medical history, and personality. At Cofertility, we have hundreds of pre-qualified donors ready to be matched. You can create a free account to begin your search.

Medical screening of the donor will help increase your chances of success

Donors are screened for various genetic and infectious diseases before they can donate their eggs. This screening process is designed to ensure that the donor is healthy and that there is minimal risk of passing on any genetic or infectious diseases to the recipient or the baby. Additionally, their ovarian reserve is tested to help ensure that they are likely to produce enough mature eggs. The screening definitely adds time to the process, but is intended to help increase your chances of success.

You’ll need a lawyer who specializes in third-party reproduction

There are state-specific legal considerations to be aware of when using donor eggs. It's essential to have an iron-clad legal agreement in place that outlines the terms of the donation and the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved. No clinic will accept a patient and egg donor without this contract in place. If you work with Cofertility, we will help ensure you and your donor have expert lawyers drafting this contract.

Donor eggs can increase your chances of success

At Cofertility, for those who match with a donor in our fresh egg donation program, the average number of mature eggs a family receives and fertilizes is 12. The number of eggs retrieved varies by patient and cycle, but can be predicted by a donor’s age, AMH, and antral follicle count, all of which will be known to you after the donor’s initial screening. Qualified candidates have an ample ovarian reserve for both their own needs and sharing. Egg share donors also often work closely with a fertility doctor to determine, based on their own medical history, the optimal number of eggs needed for their own future family-building goals. Should it make sense for the donor, they may choose to pursue a second egg-sharing cycle to maximize the chances of success for everyone.
Matching with a donor in our frozen program can provide the opportunity to move forward with your family-building plans faster, as frozen eggs can be fertilized or shipped to your clinic immediately or as soon as the cycle is complete. Donors undergoing frozen cycles complete equally rigorous ovarian reserve testing. While the total number of frozen eggs available will vary based on the donor’s retrieval outcomes, every frozen match is guaranteed to have a minimum of at least 6 frozen eggs.

To learn more about these programs and the differences between them, click here.

It might get emotional

Using donor eggs can be an emotional journey for intended parents. It can create feelings of loss, sadness, anger, and possibly even shame. You may feel a deep sense of grief over not having a genetically linked child. Give yourself space to express your feelings and time to process this loss. Avoidance and distraction can only be helpful for so long. Allow yourself to sit with your feelings. Give yourself permission to move forward at your own pace.

Remember, DNA is a small part of who we are. All human beings are 99.9 percent identical in their genetic makeup and nurture plays an enormous role in who we become and who we bond with.

It will be expensive

IVF alone is expensive, and then there’s donor eggs. The total cost can end up being tens of thousands of dollars, depending on the clinic, the egg donor, and if your insurance or employer covers any of it.

Know this: our donors aren’t doing it for the money. At Cofertility, our donors freeze their eggs for free in exchange for donating half of the eggs to your family. This saves families tens of thousands of dollars on donor compensation.

You won’t regret it

Ask anyone who has had a child, born with or without some type of assistance, and they will all tell you the same thing: parenting is the greatest - yet hardest - thing they have ever done. It doesn’t matter how the child came into their lives, the role and relationship of parent and child is the same.

When working with parents who had donor conceived children, their only real regret was they wished they had done this sooner. They wished they had let go of their preconceived notions that a baby who looks like them or who shares their genes is the only way to be a parent. That bringing a child into their lives using alternative methods means the child won’t see them as their real parent, or that they will not bond. Read more in Will I Regret Using Donor Eggs?

In summary

Using donor eggs can be an excellent option for couples struggling with infertility. It's important to be aware of the various factors involved, including finding a donor, medical screening, legal considerations, success rates, emotional impact, cost, and talking to your child. With the right support and information, using donor eggs can be a positive and fulfilling experience, leading to the creation of a loving and happy family.

pregnant person holding hands with sun shining through

Donor eggs

Egg Donation and Blood Types

When it comes to egg donation, you may be wondering if the blood type of the egg donor matters. While it is not necessary for the donor to have the same blood type as either parent, it’s helpful to understand how blood types work. In this article, we’ll review the blood types, how they are inherited, and when blood type matching matters.

What are blood types?

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens, or proteins, on the surface of our red blood cells. Blood types include A, B, AB, and O. Blood type A has the A antigen, blood type B has the B antigen, blood type AB has both A and B antigens, and blood type O has neither A nor B antigens.

Within each blood type, there is a positive or negative (A+, A-, and so on). The positive or negative sign next to the blood groups is known as the Rhesus (Rh) factor. Rh factor is independent of blood type. It is determined by the presence or absence of a specific antigen on the surface of red blood cells. If a person has the Rh antigen, they are Rh-positive. If they do not have the Rh antigen, they are Rh-negative. Most people, about 85%, are Rh-positive.

According to the San Diego Blood Bank, the average distribution of the blood types in the United States are:

O Positive (O +): 38%

O Negative (O -): 7%

A Positive (A +): 34%

A Negative (A -): 6%

B Positive (B +): 9%

B Negative (B -): 2%

AB Positive (AB +): 3%

AB Negative (AB -): 1%

How is a child’s blood type determined in egg donation?

A baby's blood type is determined by the combination of genes inherited from the egg and sperm. Each passes on one of their two ABO alleles to the child. The combination of these alleles determines the baby's blood type. For example, if the egg donor is type A and the biological father (or sperm donor) is type B, the baby could be type A, type B, type AB, or even type O.

Unless both the egg donor and intended father have blood type O, in which case the baby would definitely be type O, you would need a blood test to determine the baby's blood type.

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How blood types are passed down from egg donor to child

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But remember how we said everyone also has an Rh factor, that plus or minus after the letter? A child inherits one Rh allele from the egg donor and one from the intended father. If both are Rh-positive, then the child will be RH-positive. If both are Rh-negative, then the child will be Rh-negative. If one is Rh-negative and the other is Rh-positive, then the child could be either.

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How Rh factor is passed down from egg donor to child

Does the egg donor determine the blood type of the child?

The blood type of a child is determined by the combination of genes inherited from the egg and sperm. Each contributes one of two possible alleles (versions) for each gene that codes for the blood type. The Rh blood group system is determined by another gene on chromosome 1 that has two alleles: D and d. The D allele codes for the RhD protein, and the d allele codes for no Rh protein.

While the egg and sperm decide the genetic makeup of the child, they do not have control over the specific alleles that the child inherits. That is determined by the process of meiosis, which randomly selects which sperm or egg cell will fertilize the other.

What is Rh incompatibility?

Rh incompatibility occurs when a pregnant woman (either an intended mother or gestational carrier) who is Rh-negative carries a baby who is Rh-positive. Her immune system may recognize the baby's Rh-positive blood cells as foreign and produce antibodies against them. This can cause her immune system to attack and destroy the baby's red blood cells, leading to a condition called hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). HDN can cause serious complications for the baby, including anemia, jaundice, brain damage, and even death.

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It’s important to know if you’re at risk for HDN. But the good news is that HDN can be prevented by administering a medication called Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) or Rhogam to the mother or gestational carrier during pregnancy, which helps prevent her body from making antibodies against the baby's blood cells.

If you or your gestational carrier are Rh negative, consult with your doctor about choosing a donor who is Rh positive.

Is it possible for a child to have a different blood type than both of its parents?

Yup! As you can see in the chart shared above, there are many cases where a child would have a different blood type from their biological parents. For instance, if the egg donor was blood type A and the intended father was type B, the child could be blood type O.

Why would someone want an egg donor with the same blood type?

There are a couple reasons someone might want an egg donor with a specific blood type.

First, they may want to avoid rare blood types in the rare situation that the child would need a blood transfusion. Blood transfusions can only be given to individuals with compatible blood types. For example, if someone with blood type A receives a blood transfusion from someone with blood type B, their body may react negatively and cause serious health issues. Remember though, unless both the egg donor and intended father are type O (in which case the only option is for the child to be type O), there is no guarantee that a child will be the same blood type as one parent.

Second, blood type can also play a role in pregnancy and childbirth. If a mother or gestational carrier is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive, the mother's body may produce antibodies that attack the baby's red blood cells, which can lead to a condition called hemolytic disease of the newborn. However, this is treatable and not a reason to pass on an egg donor.

Third, some parents may want to increase the chances of their child having (or not having) a certain blood type. There is some evidence that certain blood types are more protective against certain health conditions like heart attacks, memory loss, and cancer.

Lastly, parents who do not plan on telling their child about their donor-conceived origins may want to have a child with similar blood type. Although this is your family and you get to decide how / if to tell your story, research has shown over and over the importance of openness and honesty in telling children their conception story and telling it early.

Is it better to find an egg donor who has the same blood type as myself?

So does blood type matter? It is not necessarily "better" to find an egg donor who has the same blood type as yourself. It’s helpful to know the blood type of the donor, but blood type doesn’t need to be a reason to choose a donor, and most parents have other attributes that are more important to them.

As mentioned above, having an egg donor who is the same blood type as the intended mother or gestational carrier can help reduce the risk of Rh incompatibility between the baby and the intended mother, which can cause serious complications for the baby if not treated. However, blood type matching is not necessary for egg donation, and many successful pregnancies and healthy babies are born from egg donation despite not having a blood type match.

Ultimately, the decision of whether to find an egg donor with the same blood type as yourself should be made in consultation with a fertility doctor, who can provide more information and guidance on the risks and benefits of blood type matching in your specific situation.

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Cofertility is a human-first fertility ecosystem rewriting the egg freezing and egg donation experience. Our Family by Co platform serves as a more transparent, ethical egg donor matching platform. We are obsessed with improving the family-building journey — today or in the future — and are in an endless pursuit to make these experiences more positive. Create a free account today!

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Parenting

The Shift Toward Openness: New Research on Talking to Children About Donor Conception

This article summarizes the findings from a 2024 comprehensive review of research on how parents approach telling their children about donor conception. We'll examine current trends in disclosure, factors that influence parents' decisions, strategies for talking with children, and resources that can help you feel prepared for these conversations.

If you're considering egg donation as a path to parenthood, you likely have many questions about what comes after the medical procedures are behind you and you're raising your child. Among these, one significant question is whether, when, and how to tell your child about their donor-conceived origins. At Cofertility, we believe in providing complete transparency about the entire family-building journey, including the important decisions you'll face after your child is born.

A growing body of research has explored how parents navigate disclosure decisions across different family types, countries, and situations. This article summarizes the findings from a 2024 comprehensive review of research on how parents approach telling their children about donor conception. We'll examine current trends in disclosure, factors that influence parents' decisions, strategies for talking with children, and resources that can help you feel prepared for these conversations.

How disclosure has changed

Over the past decade, there has been a clear trend toward greater openness about donor conception. Looking at 34 research studies across different countries, family structures, and types of donation (egg, sperm, or embryo), most parents had either already told their children about their donor-conceived origins or intended to do so in the future.

This shift toward transparency has occurred alongside changes in social attitudes and legal frameworks. Many countries have introduced laws requiring donors to be identifiable when children reach adulthood, including Sweden, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and several others. However, even in places where anonymous donation is still permitted (like the United States, Spain, and several European countries), many parents are choosing to be open with their children.

The research shows that disclosure intentions don't always translate into action, though. In one study, 46% of sperm donation recipients and 56% of egg donation recipients intended to disclose when their child was one year old, but by age seven, only 29% of sperm donation families and 41% of egg donation families had actually begun the disclosure process. This suggests that while parents may have good intentions, they sometimes struggle with the practicalities of when and how to start these conversations.

How family structure influences disclosure

Your family structure plays a significant role in disclosure decisions. Research consistently shows that single mothers by choice and same-sex female couples are more likely to disclose than heterosexual couples. This difference exists partly because these family types need to explain the absence of a father figure, making disclosure a practical necessity rather than just a choice.

For heterosexual couples using donor eggs, disclosure may feel less challenging than for those using donor sperm, as the mother still has a biological connection through pregnancy and birth while the father has a genetic link. Families formed through embryo donation, where neither parent has a genetic connection, appear to be the least likely to disclose, although research in this area is more limited.

The specific disclosure rates found in research include:

In one UK study, 54.8% of single mothers had disclosed compared to 36.2% of heterosexual partnered mothers.
In another study, 96.6% of lesbian couples had disclosed by the time their child was 9 years old.
Across multiple studies, 43-51% of heterosexual parents using donor eggs had disclosed to their children.

Similarly, multiple studies from France and the US have found that disclosure rates among trans parents is exceptionally high, with one French study finding that 100% of transgender men partnered with cisgender women had disclosed their use of donor sperm to their children by early childhood and another survey of trans male–cis female couples planning donor conception found that 95% intended to share both the child’s donor origin and the father’s transgender identity.

Key factors that influence disclosure decisions

Research has identified several important factors that affect parents' choices about disclosure:

Personal values and beliefs

Parents who believe children have a fundamental right to know about their genetic origins are more likely to disclose. In multiple studies, this was the primary reason given for telling children about their donor-conceived status.

Other values that guide disclosure include:

The desire to be open and honest with children
Not wanting the burden of family secrets
Fear that the child may find out accidentally from someone else
Wanting the child to feel they have "always known" rather than experiencing a shocking revelation later

Parents who choose not to disclose often express concerns about protecting their child from potential social stigma, emotional distress, or confusion about their identity. Some also worry about how disclosure might affect their relationship with their child or their child's relationship with the non-genetic parent.

Parental confidence and emotions

How confident parents feel about discussing donor conception significantly impacts disclosure. Parents who lack confidence about finding the right words, timing, or approach are more likely to delay or avoid disclosure altogether.

Unresolved emotions about infertility, including grief and shame, can also make disclosure more difficult. Studies show that mothers who haven't disclosed may experience higher levels of distress compared to those who have. Interestingly, parents who have disclosed rarely express regret about their decision, while those who delay disclosure often wish they had started earlier.

Couple dynamics and agreement

For couples, agreement between partners about disclosure is important. Disagreement can lead to uncertainty, delay, or non-disclosure. Studies show that couples who are in strong agreement about disclosure also report higher overall relationship satisfaction.

Social and cultural context

The social environment in which families live shapes their decisions. Parents who perceive their community as supportive of diverse family forms are more likely to disclose. Conversely, in communities where traditional family structures are highly valued, parents may be more reluctant to share information about donor conception.

Religious beliefs can also play a significant role. In some contexts, such as conservative religious communities, disclosure may be particularly challenging due to doctrinal positions on assisted reproduction.

Access to support and resources

Parents who receive professional counseling, join support groups, or have access to educational materials about disclosure report feeling more prepared for these conversations. In one study, half of the families who had disclosed had sought professional mental health support, compared to only a small fraction of non-disclosing families.

When and how parents disclose to their donor-conceived child

Most research suggests that earlier disclosure leads to better outcomes. Parents who begin the conversation when children are young (typically before age 7) report that children tend to accept the information more neutrally and incorporate it into their developing sense of identity without distress.

The average age at disclosure across studies ranges from 2.5 to 6.8 years old, with many parents beginning even earlier. In one study, 71.4% of parents reported they had started disclosure conversations from birth.

Parents who delay disclosure often find it increasingly difficult as children get older. In one study, the average age of children in families still intending to disclose was 11 years, despite most parents having planned to tell much earlier.

Disclosure is widely recognized as an ongoing process rather than a one-time event. Parents describe revisiting the topic as children develop, adding more details and answering questions as their child's understanding matures. Many report that their children's questions and curiosity often guide these conversations.

Practical strategies for disclosure

Research points to several effective approaches for talking with children about donor conception:

Use age-appropriate language and concepts: Start with simple, concrete explanations and add complexity as your child develops.
Utilize books and visual aids: Many parents find children's books about donor conception helpful as conversation starters. Some create personalized photo books or stories for their own children.
Make disclosure part of everyday family life: Rather than a formal, serious "talk," incorporate discussions about your family's creation story into regular conversations.
Respond to your child's cues: Children often signal when they're ready for more information through their questions. Being attentive to these cues helps parents know when to provide additional details.
Consider the wider context: Think about who else knows about your child's conception and how this might affect your disclosure plans. Many parents choose to tell close family members and friends to ensure consistent messages.

Resources to support disclosure

Parents consistently express a desire for support and guidance around disclosure. Fortunately, several resources exist:

Professional counseling: A fertility therapist or psychologist with experience in supporting families with donor-conceived children can help.
Support groups: Organizations like Resolve provide opportunities to connect with other families formed through donor conception.
Books and educational materials: Resources like the "Our Story" series published by the Donor Conception Network can help frame conversations with children.
Digital tools: New resources like the Tool to Empower Parental Telling and Talking (TELL Tool) have been developed to guide parents through disclosure decisions.

At Cofertility, we understand that the question of disclosure may feel daunting, but you don't have to navigate these decisions alone. We're committed to supporting intended parents through all aspects of the family-building process, including these important conversations about origins and identity.

Final thoughts

The research shows a clear trend toward greater openness about donor conception across all family types. While disclosure decisions remain personal and should be tailored to your unique family situation, the evidence suggests that early, age-appropriate disclosure generally leads to the best outcomes for children and families.

What emerges most clearly from the research is that disclosure is a process that unfolds over time, not a one-time event. Parents who approach these conversations with confidence, openness, and a willingness to follow their child's lead report the most positive experiences.

Whatever path you choose, remember that your love for your child and your thoughtful consideration of these complex themes are the foundation for your family's well-being. With preparation, support, and resources, you can navigate disclosure in a way that strengthens your family bonds and helps your child develop a healthy sense of identity and belonging.

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Donor eggs

Success Rates: Fresh Vs. Frozen Donor Eggs

This article will break down what we know about success rates, as well as practical considerations for both fresh and frozen donor eggs. We’ll look at the latest research, explain what the numbers mean for you, and discuss the real-life factors that might make one option a better fit than the other. While there’s no universal right answer, having clear information can help you decide what’s best for your family.

Choosing to build a family with the help of donor eggs is a significant decision, and one of the biggest choices intended parents face is whether to use fresh or frozen donor eggs. Both options have advantages and potential drawbacks, and understanding the differences can help you feel more confident as you move forward with your plans.

Fresh vs. frozen donor egg IVF

Before we look at the data, it’s helpful to understand what we mean by fresh or frozen cycles. In donor egg IVF, there are two big questions:

Egg: Was the egg frozen and thawed before fertilization, or was it “fresh”?
Embryo: Was the embryo frozen and thawed before transfer, i.e., for genetic testing, or was the embryo “fresh”?

From these two questions, you get four possible combinations:

Fresh egg + fresh embryo transfer: Egg retrieved → fertilized → embryo transferred immediately
Frozen egg + fresh embryo transfer: Frozen egg thawed → fertilized → embryo transferred immediately
Fresh egg + frozen embryo transfer: Egg retrieved → fertilized → embryo frozen → transferred later
Frozen egg + frozen embryo transfer: Frozen egg thawed → fertilized → embryo frozen → transferred later

There are many reasons you would choose one of these combinations over another. For instance, genetic testing of the embryo may be important to you if you’d like to choose the gender. Or, perhaps you want to get pregnant as soon as possible, and you know that frozen eggs will save months of time. You can read more about the difference between a “fresh” vs “frozen” transfer here, and the benefits of each.

Success rates

Research has found that outcomes are relatively similar. However, fresh donor eggs with a fresh embryo transfer have historically had a small edge over all other cycles.

An analysis of 135,085 donor egg cycles from U.S. fertility clinics found that:

Clinical pregnancy rates are slightly lower with frozen donor oocytes, especially in fresh embryo transfers.
Live birth rates are slightly lower with frozen donor oocytes for both fresh and frozen embryo transfers.
Miscarriage rates are slightly higher with frozen donor oocytes, significantly so in fresh embryo transfers.
Among singleton live births, the likelihood of delivering a term, healthy birthweight baby is similar between fresh and frozen donor oocytes.

That said, the gap between fresh and frozen egg success rates has narrowed over time, and many fertility doctors consider frozen donor eggs a highly effective option.

Why the difference in success rates?

The difference in success rates is likely due to a few key factors related to the biology of the eggs and the logistics of treatment cycles.

First, frozen donor eggs are typically sold in small batches—often around six eggs—while fresh donor cycles usually yield a much larger number of eggs. This gives clinics more embryos to work with in fresh cycles, allowing better selection of high-quality embryos, which may improve implantation and pregnancy outcomes. The more eggs you have, the more likely you are to succeed.

Second, the freezing and thawing process itself can introduce stress to the eggs. Although modern vitrification (the current rapid freezing method) is very effective, it’s still possible that some eggs don’t survive the thawing process or experience subtle cellular changes that affect fertilization or embryo development.

Lastly, patients using frozen donor eggs may have fewer embryos available overall, which could limit options for genetic testing or multiple transfer attempts.

Despite these differences, it’s important to keep in mind that the gap in success rates is relatively small, and once a pregnancy is established, the chances of delivering a healthy, full-term baby are nearly identical between fresh and frozen donor eggs. The right choice often comes down to timing, cost, donor availability, and what fits best with your personal and medical circumstances.

Other considerations

Both fresh and frozen donor eggs can result in healthy pregnancies and live births. However, there are some other factors to weigh:

Medication protocols: Fresh donor egg cycles require the recipient to take medication to synchronize with the donor's cycle, which may add complexity. Frozen eggs allow for more flexibility in planning the embryo transfer.
Meeting the donor: Some intended parents prefer the ability to choose a fresh donor and possibly meet or communicate with them. With frozen eggs, this is more difficult.
Cost: Fresh donor egg cycles tend to be more expensive because they involve a longer process, including synchronizing the donor’s and recipient’s cycles, stimulating the donor’s ovaries, retrieving eggs, and fertilizing them in real-time.
Risk: With frozen eggs, you take some of the risk out of the process. That’s because every step of the process involves a potential drop-off—such as the donor’s response to medication, the number of eggs retrieved, or fertilization outcomes—and with frozen eggs, many of these variables have already been addressed, giving you more predictability.
Time: With fresh donor eggs, the process is longer and requires more coordination. If the donor's cycle is canceled or the retrieval does not produce enough viable eggs, it can lead to delays. Frozen eggs, on the other hand, are ready to use immediately, making the process faster and more predictable.

Cofertility offers both fresh and frozen eggs. You can learn more about our pricing here.

Making the right choice for your family

There’s no single right answer when it comes to choosing between fresh and frozen donor eggs. What works best will depend on your priorities, budget, and timeline.

Both fresh and frozen donor eggs have helped thousands of families welcome healthy babies, and both options are backed by solid science. While fresh eggs have a slight advantage in success rates, frozen eggs offer convenience and a faster, smoother, more predictable process. Understanding the trade-offs can help you make an informed decision that aligns with your goals.

If you’re considering donor eggs, please reach out to us! No matter which path you take, the most important thing is choosing the option that feels right for you and gives you the best chance of building your family.

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Donor eggs

Deciding Between Egg Donation or Embryo Adoption? Here’s What You Should Know

This article explores the key differences between egg and embryo donation—from biological and legal considerations to emotional and psychological impacts. Whether you're weighing your options or looking for clarity about the path that feels right for you, this guide will help you make an informed and empowered decision.

Third-party reproduction refers to conceiving a child with the help of someone other than the intended parent(s). For instance, egg donation is used when an intended parent cannot produce viable eggs. The eggs are fertilized via IVF, and the embryo is transferred to the intended mother or a gestational carrier. Embryo donation refers to when individuals or couples donate their unused embryos to another intended parent(s).

Understanding the psychological implications of egg donation and embryo donation is crucial for all parties involved (parents, donors, children) because they can have lasting emotional, ethical, and relational effects. Parents using donated eggs or embryos may struggle with grief over not having a genetic connection to their child and may worry about bonding with a child who is not genetically related to them. Some parents may feel uncertain about whether or how to tell their child about their origins. For donors, the psychological implication of donating can be just as complex. Even if a donor initially sees their role as purely medical, they may later experience unexpected emotions about the genetic connection to a child they may never meet. And if the resulting child seeks them out later in life, the donor might need to navigate complex relationships. Children conceived through donation may also have questions about their origins and genetic background.

What is egg donation?

Egg donation is a process where a woman (the donor) provides her eggs to another person or couple (the recipient) who is unable to conceive on their own. Before a woman can become a donor, she undergoes comprehensive evaluations that include medical screening, psychological evaluation, along with legal counseling. Once selected to donate, the donor undergoes hormonal treatments before undergoing a medical procedure performed under sedation to retrieve the eggs. These eggs are then fertilized and transferred to the intended mother or gestational carrier.

Types of egg donation: known vs anonymous

The main difference between known and anonymous egg donation lies in the level of contact and information shared between the donor and the intended parents, and potentially the child in the future. With anonymous egg donation, the donor and intended parents do not know each other's identities and the fertility clinic or egg donation agency facilitates the process. Intended parents usually receive non-identifying details (e.g., physical traits, education, medical history) and the donor has no social relationship with the child. With known egg donation the donor and intended parents know each other’s identities and may even meet and form some sort of relationship. Some agreements may also allow for future updates or communication with the child.

Who is a candidate for receiving donor eggs?

According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, a candidate for receiving donor eggs is typically someone who cannot conceive with their own eggs due to medical, genetic, or age-related factors, is LGBTQ+, and or a single parent.

What is embryo donation?

Embryo donation is the process in which embryos created through IVF by one couple or individual are donated to another person or couple to achieve pregnancy. These embryos are typically unused from previous IVF cycles and are given to recipients who cannot conceive using their own gametes. Embryo donation provides both egg and sperm contributions, making the resulting child genetically unrelated to the recipient(s).

Legal status of embryos

The legal status of donated embryos varies by country, state, and fertility clinic policies, but generally, embryo donation is treated like tissue donation. The donating individuals legally relinquish all rights to the embryo through a contract and the recipients assume full parental rights.

Who is a candidate for receiving embryo donation

Similar to egg donation, embryo donation is an option for individuals or couples who cannot conceive using their own eggs and/or sperm due to medical, genetic, or age-related factors, is LGBTQ+, and/or a single parent.

Key differences between embryo and egg donation

With embryo donation, the resulting child has no genetic link to either parent, as the embryo comes from a completely different couple. With egg donation, since the child is biologically related to one parent, it can influence family conversations about genetics and identity. But with embryo donation some parents may struggle with explaining the child's origins since neither parent shares genetic ties, making disclosure and identity exploration more complex.

Choosing egg or embryo donation is a deeply personal decision that can bring up a range of emotions. Anxiety is one of those emotions and is a natural part of fertility treatments and donor conception. To cope with anxieties, recipients can benefit from therapy or support groups for individuals using donor conception. Mindfulness and stress management techniques such as meditation and journaling can also be helpful. Open conversations with loved ones is key to reducing isolation. Writing letters to the future child can help process emotions and prepare for potential conversations down the road.

Summing it up

Both egg donation and embryo donation provide paths to parenthood for those struggling with infertility. And both paths come with complex emotional and psychological considerations. In both cases, many recipients may grieve the biological connection they hoped to have with their child. Questions about their child’s future identity and how to explain their origins can add to emotional uncertainty. Some parents also experience imposter syndrome, wondering if they will feel like the child’s "real" parent or if they will even be able to bond. However, many parents find that love and connection transcend genetics, making the experience of raising a child just as fulfilling.

Find an amazing egg donor at Cofertility

We aim to be the best egg-sharing program, providing an experience that honors, respects, and uplifts everyone involved. Here’s what sets us apart:

Human-centered. We didn’t like the status quo in egg donation. So we’re doing things differently, starting with our human-centered matching platform.
Donor empowerment. Our model empowers donors to preserve their own fertility, while lifting you up on your own journey. It’s a win-win.
Diversity: We’re proud of the fact that the donors on our platform are as diverse as the intended parents seeking to match with them. We work with intended parents to understand their own cultural values — including regional nuances — in hopes of finding them the perfect match.
Baby guarantee. We truly want to help you bring your baby home, and we will re-match you for free until that happens.
Lifetime support: Historically, other egg donation options have treated egg donor matching as a one-and-done experience. Beyond matching, beyond a pregnancy, beyond a birth…we believe in supporting the donor-conceived family for life. Our resources and education provide intended parents with the guidance they need to raise happy, healthy kids and celebrate their origin stories.

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Donor eggs

From 'Last Resort' to 'Best Path Forward: Your Donor Egg IVF Journey

This article explores the emotional process of transitioning to donor egg IVF, the stages of grief that often accompany it, and how parents can shift their perspective to embrace this journey with confidence and joy. By acknowledging the emotional complexity and offering tools for coping, we hope to help intended parents reframe their experience and move forward with hope and excitement.

For many hopeful parents, the journey to parenthood is anything but straightforward. When the prospect of using donor eggs enters the picture, it’s normal to experience a complex mix of emotions: grief, uncertainty, shame, or even a sense of failure. These feelings are valid and deserve acknowledgment. It’s common to wrestle with questions about genetic connection, identity, and how others may perceive this path. However, donor egg IVF is not just a last resort; for many, it becomes a deeply fulfilling and empowering way to build a family.

The grief process of letting go of a genetic connection

Coming to terms with the loss of a genetic connection can feel like a grieving process, as it may require letting go of long-held expectations and reshaping the vision of what family-building means. The emotions that arise are deeply personal and valid, but they do not have to define the journey. Many parents find that with time, understanding, and support, donor egg IVF becomes a beautiful and fulfilling path to parenthood.

The grief process of letting go of a genetic connection when using donor eggs can mirror other forms of grief, as it involves processing the loss of an expected future.

1. Shock and denial

At first, the idea of using donor eggs might feel overwhelming or even unthinkable. Many individuals hold lifelong expectations of having a biological child, and realizing that this won’t happen can lead to disbelief or resistance.

2. Sadness and grief

As reality sets in, deep feelings of loss may emerge. This stage often includes mourning the genetic connection—the idea that a child won’t share inherited traits, family resemblance, or biological lineage.

3. Guilt and self-blame

Many people experience guilt, wondering if they could have done something differently.. They might feel like they’ve failed or that their body has betrayed them. Societal messages about genetics and family can exacerbate these feelings.

4. Fear and anxiety

There may be lingering fears about bonding with their child or concerns about how others—family, friends, or even the child themselves—will perceive the use of donor eggs. Questions like “Will my child feel like mine?” or “Will people judge me?” can create significant anxiety. This stage can also include worries about disclosure and future conversations with the child.

5. Acceptance and reframing

Over time, many parents come to realize that genetics do not define love, family, or parenthood. Acceptance doesn’t mean dismissing past emotions but integrating them into a new understanding of what it means to be a parent. They begin to embrace the beauty of their unique journey and focus on the deep connection they will build with their child.

6. Joy and connection

Once the grieving process has been worked through, joy and excitement about the future often take over. Many parents report that once they hold their child in their arms, genetics become far less significant. The love, bond, and shared experiences define the relationship more than DNA ever could.

Seeking support along the way

A mental health professional—especially one experienced in fertility and third-party reproduction—can provide a safe space to process emotions. Therapists can also help couples navigate differences in how they process emotions, ensuring they support each other throughout the journey.

Connecting with others who have walked the same path can be incredibly healing. Support groups, online forums, and in-person meetups provide a space to share experiences and with people who understand. Knowing that others have faced and overcome similar struggles can bring comfort and reassurance.

Journaling, meditation & mindfulness, physical activity and creative outlets can also be powerful tools for healing.

Moving forward with confidence

Moving forward with donor egg IVF does not mean forgetting or dismissing the emotional challenges that come with it. Instead, it means allowing space for those emotions while also embracing the joy and excitement that this path can bring. Many parents who have taken this journey find that once they hold their child in their arms, the concerns that once felt overwhelming fade in the presence of love.

Your path to parenthood may look different from what you initially imagined, but that doesn’t make it any less special. Embracing the journey, seeking support, and focusing on the love you’ll share with your child can transform donor egg IVF from a last resort into the best path forward.

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Donor eggs

Donor Egg IVF by the Numbers

Making sense of fertility statistics help tell the story of donor egg IVF in the United States. From success rates to costs, demographic trends to treatment guidelines, data provides valuable insights for those considering this path to parenthood. Let’s look at the numbers that shape donor egg IVF today.

Making sense of fertility statistics can feel overwhelming, but numbers help tell the story of donor egg IVF in the United States. From success rates to costs, demographic trends to treatment guidelines, data provides valuable insights for those considering this path to parenthood. Let’s look at the numbers that shape donor egg IVF today.

10,000: Annual births from donor eggs

In 2021, nearly 10,000 babies were born in the United States through donor egg IVF. This represents approximately 1 in 373 births nationwide, highlighting how this treatment has become an established family-building option.

25%: Percent of IVF moms over 40 who used donor eggs

For women over 40 pursuing IVF, donor eggs often provide the best chance of success. Data shows that 25% of women in this age group who succeeded with IVF did so using donor eggs. This statistic reflects the significant impact of egg quality on treatment outcomes.

6: Components of medical screening

Comprehensive medical screening forms the foundation of successful donor egg IVF, typically requiring hours of medical appointments and evaluations spread over several weeks or months. This thorough process protects both donors and recipients while optimizing treatment success rates. Medical screening includes:

Genetic testing
Infectious disease screening
Psychological evaluation
Physical examination
Family medical history review
Fertility assessment

54%: Live birth rates with fresh donor egg

This may sound low, but donor egg IVF has the highest success rate of any fertility treatment. For an average woman with diminished ovarian reserve, the chances of live birth after one donor egg cycle is 54% for recipients under 40. Rates of pregnancy with donor eggs are higher at every age. Several factors influence success:

Donor age and health status
Sperm quality
Recipient uterine health
Clinic protocols and expertise
Number of embryos transferred
Embryo quality

21-34: Age requirements for egg donors

The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) sets clear age guidelines for egg donors:

Minimum age: 21 years old
Maximum age: 34 years old

These parameters aim to optimize success rates while protecting donor health and autonomy. The minimum age ensures donors can make informed decisions about participation, while the maximum age increases the chances there will be enough high quality eggs.

6: Maximum number of egg donation cycles a donor should go through

The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) recommends limiting donors to six egg retrieval cycles in their lifetime. This guideline stems from medical concerns about the cumulative effects of ovarian stimulation and retrieval procedures.

Most donors at Cofertility complete two cycles, well within these safety parameters. This also limits the number of biological half siblings that your donor conceived children may have, a fact that’s important to many of our intended parents and donors alike.

84.2%: Percent of donor egg embryos that are chromosomally normal

Research shows that 84.2% of donor egg blastocysts are chromosomally normal (euploid), while 15.8% are abnormal (aneuploid). Breaking down the numbers:

97.1% egg survival rate after thaw
59.1% of embryos reach the blastocyst stage
On average, 9 donor eggs yield about 4-5 chromosomally normal embryos

83.3%: Egg sharing donors who would donate again

Research on egg share donors' experiences reveals high satisfaction levels: 83.3% would donate again, while only 2.1% reported regret about their decision to participate. These numbers suggest that with proper screening and support, most egg share donors feel positive about their choice to help others build families.

62%: Portion of donor-conceived people who feel the exchange of money for donor gametes is wrong

A 2021 Harvard study found that 62% of donor-conceived adults felt the exchange of money for donor gametes was wrong, and 41% were troubled by the fact that money was exchanged around their conception.

This is why we created our Split program. This unique model empowers women to take control of their own reproductive health while giving you the gift of a lifetime. Our donors aren’t doing it for cash – they keep half the eggs retrieved for their own future use, and donate half to your family.

$5,000: Recommended compensation guidelines

The American Society for Reproductive Medicine suggests donor compensation should not exceed $5,000 per cycle in the United States. This contrasts sharply with European guidelines, where compensation averages around 900 euros per cycle. These differences reflect varying approaches to egg donation globally, from more commercial U.S. models to altruistic European frameworks. Despite this, compensation for egg donation has been steadily rising and can vary based on a donor’s education or heritage.

At Cofertility, our program is unique in that our donors do not receive cash compensation. After meeting with hundreds of intended parents, egg donors, and donor-conceived people, we decided on an egg donation model that we think best serves everyone involved: egg sharing. By allowing our donors to freeze their eggs as part of the process, our unique model honors everyone involved. Plus, the process with Cofertility will never cost more based on the donor’s background.

12: Average number of mature eggs a Cofertility family receives in our fresh Split program

In Cofertility’s fresh program, the average number of mature eggs a family receives and fertilizes is 12. Some intended parents want to do two egg retrievals with the donor which is definitely possible. We also ask each of our donors whether they are open to a second cycle as part of the initial application — many report that they are!

While you can agree to complete two cycles upfront, many matches who are interested in two cycles choose to see how many eggs are retrieved in the first cycle and go from there. If, for any reason, the eggs retrieved in that round do not lead to a live birth, our Baby Guarantee will kick in and we’ll re-match you at no additional Cofertility coordination fee.

Find an amazing egg donor at Cofertility

We aim to be the best egg-sharing program, providing an experience that honors, respects, and uplifts everyone involved. Here’s what sets us apart:

Human-centered. We didn’t like the status quo in egg donation. So we’re doing things differently, starting with our human-centered matching platform.
Donor empowerment. Our model empowers donors to preserve their own fertility, while lifting you up on your own journey. It’s a win-win.
Diversity: We’re proud of the fact that the donors on our platform are as diverse as the intended parents seeking to match with them. We work with intended parents to understand their own cultural values — including regional nuances — in hopes of finding them the perfect match.
Baby guarantee. We truly want to help you bring your baby home, and we will re-match you for free until that happens.
Lifetime support: Historically, other egg donation options have treated egg donor matching as a one-and-done experience. Beyond matching, beyond a pregnancy, beyond a birth…we believe in supporting the donor-conceived family for life. Our resources and education provide intended parents with the guidance they need to raise happy, healthy kids and celebrate their origin stories.