egg freezing

Choosing where to freeze your eggs is one of the most important decisions in the egg freezing process. While cost is often a major factor, there are other important elements to consider when selecting a clinic. From success rates to lab quality to the patient experience, this article will help you learn how to evaluate different clinics to find the right fit for your needs. Let’s dive in!

Getting started with research 

Before you start screening for specific metrics, it's helpful to create a list of clinics within your geographical area. Most egg freezers prefer a clinic within an hour's drive since you'll need to visit frequently during the stimulation phase. Start by:

• Doing a quick search on Google maps
• Asking your OBGYN for recommendations
• Exploring your insurance provider's network
• Researching clinics through SART (Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology)
• Reading reviews on FertilityIQ and other patient forums
• Joining local fertility support groups or online communities
• Getting recommendations from friends who have frozen their eggs

If you choose to freeze your eggs with Cofertility, we’ll provide you with a list of our partner clinics and, depending on your program, pricing information if necessary.

Once you have a preliminary list, here's what we recommend evaluating:

Success rates matter - but look closely

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Success rates are important, but comparing clinic data is not always apples-to-apples. And, the data is not always up-to-date. When reviewing clinic statistics, consider:

• Laboratory competency: Ask about the clinic's egg survival rate after thawing. With modern vitrification techniques, survival rates should be 95% or higher. A lower rate might indicate issues with the lab's freezing protocols.
• Age-specific success rates: Look for success rates specific to your age group. Some clinics may have great overall numbers but less experience with patients in your demographic.
• Reporting transparency: Do clinics accept all patients, or do they cherry-pick patients that will have the best outcomes? Remember that success rates can vary based on patient population and case complexity. A clinic that takes on more challenging cases might have lower overall success rates but could still be excellent.
• Timing of data: Published success rates often reflect data from 2-3 years ago. Look to see if the doctors who achieved those results are still practicing there and whether the clinic has changed locations, protocols, or lab directors since the data was collected. Success rates can change significantly with staff turnover or protocol updates.

Clinic size 

The size of a fertility clinic can significantly impact your treatment experience. Smaller clinics typically offer more personalized attention and consistency in your care team. You'll likely see the same doctor and nurses throughout your journey, and scheduling tends to be more flexible to accommodate individual needs. However, smaller clinics may have limited resources or access to the latest technology, and they might face challenges with coverage during staff vacations or emergencies.

Larger clinics, on the other hand, often have more extensive resources and access to cutting-edge technology. They frequently offer multiple locations and broader scheduling options, which can be particularly convenient for monitoring appointments. Their larger support staff means more availability for patient questions and concerns. However, the experience might feel less personal, and you may see different doctors at each visit. Larger clinics also tend to have more standardized protocols, which can mean less individualization in your treatment plan.

Neither size is inherently better - the choice depends on your personal preferences and priorities. Some patients prefer the intimate setting and personalized attention of a smaller clinic, while others value the resources and convenience that larger clinics can offer. Consider asking for more information about a clinic’s scheduling practices to better understand how soon you can start treatment, how often appointments are available, and how long wait times might be during peak periods.

Clinic culture, perks, and approach

Every clinic has its own philosophy and approach. Consider:

• Patient volume: Some clinics take a high-volume approach while others focus on fewer patients with more personalized care. Neither is inherently better, but one style might suit you better.
• Treatment philosophy: Ask about their approach to medication protocols - do they customize for each patient or use standard protocols? Do they use their intuition or do they use software and AI to determine the best protocol?
• Communication policies: Understand how the clinic handles patient communications. Who will you contact with questions? What is the expected response times? What about after-hours support?
• Patient portal: Is there a patient portal or does communication happen via email, phone, or text?
• Perks: Some clinics offer additional resources like support groups, mental health support, nutrition counseling, and even acupuncture services.

The medical team

The quality of your medical team significantly impacts your experience. Consider:

• Experience and credentials: Look for board-certified reproductive endocrinologists with specific experience in egg freezing. Ask how many cycles they perform annually. As with most medical procedures, more volume correlates with better outcomes.‍
• Communication style: Does the doctor take time to answer questions? Are they accessible between appointments? You should feel comfortable asking questions and confident in their responses.‍
• Support staff: Your primary contact may often be with nurses and coordinators. Ask about their experience and availability.‍
• Team approach: Understanding how the clinic handles patient care is important. Will you always see your doctor, or do they rotate? How are weekend appointments handled?

Monitoring and flexibility

The egg freezing process requires frequent monitoring appointments, making a clinic's scheduling flexibility core to your experience. During the stimulation phase, you'll need early morning monitoring appointments every few days, so consider how the clinic's hours align with your schedule. Many clinics offer early morning monitoring before work hours, but availability varies significantly between facilities. Weekend monitoring options are especially important since your body doesn't follow a Monday-to-Friday schedule during treatment.

Some larger clinics offer multiple locations for monitoring appointments, which can provide valuable flexibility if you live or work in different areas. Wait times for appointments can vary dramatically between clinics - while some run efficiently with minimal waiting, others may have significant delays that could impact your work schedule. Additionally, some clinics now offer remote monitoring options for certain appointments, which could save you travel time during your cycle.

When evaluating a clinic's flexibility, ask specific questions about their monitoring process: How early do they open? What happens if you're running late? How do they handle weekend and holiday monitoring? Understanding these logistics upfront can help you gauge whether a clinic's scheduling approach will work with your lifestyle.

Laboratory quality and technology

The laboratory is the heart of any fertility clinic. Key factors to evaluate include:

• CLIA certification and CAP accreditation
• Whether the clinic has an in-house lab or outsources its services
• The experience level of embryologists
• Updates to equipment and protocols
• Clean room air filtration systems
• Backup power systems
• Security measures for stored eggs

Ask about the clinic's experience specifically with egg freezing, not just general IVF. Some clinics may have extensive experience with embryo freezing but less with egg freezing, which requires different expertise.

Insurance and financing 

Egg freezing can be a significant financial investment so, if you are self-funding your journey, it’s important to explore all your payment options. Consider the following:

• Verify if the clinic accepts your insurance plan and which parts of the process are covered (e.g., initial consultation, medication, or storage fees)
• Check whether your employer offers fertility benefits that can be used at the clinic
• Inquire about the clinic’s financing options or available payment assistance programs 

Support for LGBTQ+ 

If you’re a member of the LGBTQ+ community, finding a clinic that understands and supports your unique journey is essential. Here’s what to look for:

• Ensure the clinic has a proven track record of supporting LGBTQ+ individuals
• Ask whether they offer additional resources, like LGBTQ+-focused support groups
• Look for signs that the clinic fosters a welcoming, affirming space where diversity and inclusion are prioritized.

The bottom line

While cost is an important factor, choosing an egg freezing clinic should involve evaluating multiple aspects of care and service. Focus on finding a clinic that combines strong success rates, high laboratory standards, and a care approach that matches your needs. Take time to visit your top choices, meet with the medical team, and trust your instincts about where you feel most comfortable.

At Cofertility, we partner with leading fertility clinics nationwide that meet rigorous quality standards. Whether you're interested in our Keep or Split program (where you freeze your eggs for free when donating half), we can help connect you with top clinics in your area that align with your priorities and preferences.

When you first start thinking about egg freezing, it might not be obvious where to begin. Should you go straight to a fertility clinic? Talk to your regular doctor? Ask your friends who've been through it? While there are many paths to gathering information, your OBGYN can be an excellent first stop on your information-gathering process.

As a doctor who knows your medical history and has been monitoring your reproductive health, your OBGYN is uniquely positioned to help you understand your fertility and explore whether egg freezing might make sense for you. They can order initial testing, review your health history for any red flags, and help you understand your options for the future.

While OBGYNs typically don't perform the egg freezing procedure themselves, they play an important role in the process. They can order and interpret initial fertility testing, provide referrals to specialists, and offer valuable insights about your reproductive health. Many people find that starting the conversation with their OBGYN helps them feel more confident and informed before taking the next step of consulting directly with a fertility clinic.

This article covers key questions to ask during your appointment, from basic fertility testing to finding the right fertility clinic. We'll also help you understand what information your OBGYN can (and can’t) provide about egg freezing, so you can make the most of your visit.

What to know before your appointment

Your OBGYN can offer initial fertility testing and recommendations, but most don't perform egg freezing procedures themselves. Think of this visit as an important first step in understanding your fertility health and options. Come prepared with your medical history, menstrual cycle information, and any specific concerns you'd like to address.

Start with questions about your current fertility health:

• What fertility testing do you recommend for someone my age?
• Can we check my AMH (anti-müllerian hormone) levels?
• Would you recommend an ultrasound to check my antral follicle count?
• Given my age and health history, what's your perspective on egg freezing timing?
• Are there any red flags in my medical history that could affect fertility?

Your OBGYN knows your health history and can also provide specific guidance about how various factors might affect fertility:

• Could my current medications affect the process?
• Do I need to make any health changes before starting the process?
• Are there any specialists I should consult first?
• Does my family history raise any concerns?
• Are there any vaccines I should get beforehand?
• Would my weight affect my ability to freeze my eggs?

Finding the right time to start the conversation

Many patients wonder when they should first bring up egg freezing with their OBGYN. While there's no wrong time, there are several moments when it might feel most natural:

• During your annual exam
• When discussing birth control changes
• After a significant life event (like a new cancer diagnosis)
• When you're approaching an age where fertility becomes a greater concern
• If you're experiencing irregular periods
• When discussing family planning generally

Your OBGYN can help contextualize fertility in relation to your overall health, so don't hesitate to raise the topic during any visit but keep in mind that due to time constraints, you may need to come back for another visit. This is much more likely if you are already being seen for another main concern. 

As an example, a thorough annual involves significant preventive counseling so there typically isn’t enough time for an OBGYN to complete the annual and adequately address your fertility questions, especially if you have several of them. They can usually answer a few questions, perhaps collect bloodwork, but they’ll likely ask that you return at another date so they can spend that entire visit digging into your questions. The same goes for if you’re being seen for irregular or painful periods, hormone concerns, etc. Most providers are only given 20 minutes per patient so there may not be enough time for them to address multiple concerns and counsel you appropriately on your fertility so don’t be surprised if a second visit is recommended. 

Understanding your hormone test results

Once you've completed initial hormone testing, there are additional questions you can ask:

• What do my hormone levels indicate about my fertility?
• How do my results compare to others my age?
• Based on these results, what's your recommendation about egg freezing timing?
• Should we repeat any of these tests? If so, when?
• Do you have any fertility specialists or clinics you recommend? (if relevant)

These are great questions to ask via a virtual visit if your provider offers them. If you don’t have another appointment for a while, you may be able to ask these questions over email or the electronic health record system (like MyChart). 

Making the most of your appointment

To get the most helpful information from your OBGYN:

1. Bring a list of your questions
2. Take notes or record the conversation (with permission)
3. Ask for clarification if something isn't clear
4. Request written materials or resources
5. Find out the best way to follow up with additional questions

What your OBGYN might not know

While OBGYNs are experts in reproductive health, they might not have detailed information about:

• Specific success rates at local fertility clinics
• Exact costs for egg freezing procedures
• Detailed protocols used by different fertility specialists
• Storage options and fees
• Insurance coverage at specific clinics

Those are all questions you should save for the fertility clinic.

The bottom line

Talking to your OBGYN can be a great first step in exploring egg freezing. They can provide initial fertility testing, identify potential medical concerns, and direct you to trusted specialists. Their knowledge of your medical history, combined with their expertise in reproductive health, makes them well-positioned to help you start this process.

Remember that while OBGYNs offer important medical insights, they're just one part of your support system. The next step typically involves consulting with a fertility clinic that specializes in egg freezing. These specialists can provide detailed information about the process, success rates, and options specific to your situation.

If you're ready to take the next step after speaking with your OBGYN, consider exploring your options with Cofertility. We can help you navigate the egg freezing process through our Keep and Split programs, which offer a new approach to making egg freezing more accessible (and even free when you donate half to a family that can’t otherwise conceive). Our team can connect you with top fertility clinics and provide support throughout your egg freezing experience.

Whatever path you choose, starting the conversation with your OBGYN can help you feel more informed and empowered as you explore your fertility preservation options. Come prepared with questions, but remember that this initial consultation is just the beginning of your information-gathering process.

Read More:

• What's the Right Age for Fertility Testing?
• What’s the Best Age to Freeze My Eggs?
• What's the Egg Retrieval Process Like?
• Can I Freeze My Eggs If...

The decision to freeze your eggs is an empowering and exciting one, but usually not affordable. While the medical benefits of egg freezing are clear for many women who want to preserve their fertility options, the cost - typically ranging from $15,000 to $20,000 per cycle - can feel completely out of reach. Insurance coverage remains limited, leaving many women searching for alternative funding solutions.

Fortunately, women today have more options than ever to help make egg freezing more financially accessible. Let's explore five creative approaches to funding egg freezing, with insights on how to evaluate which options might work best for you.

Egg sharing

Cofertility's Split program allows women to donate  eggs to a family who can’t otherwise conceive in exchange for a free egg freezing cycle, including medications, travel, and 10 years of egg storage (literally every expense related to the cycle). This arrangement helps make egg freezing more accessible while also supporting intended parents who need donor eggs to build their families. 

Learn more about the program on CBS Mornings:

Crowdfunding 

While not for everyone, some women have successfully used crowdfunding platforms to help fund their egg freezing. Women like Maggie Goodman have used GoFundMe to ask for donations from friends, family, and even strangers who want to support family-building goals. If considering this route, think carefully about your comfort level with sharing personal medical information publicly.

Maximizing HSA and FSA accounts 

About 37% of Americans report having either a Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) and Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs). These plans allow you to use pre-tax dollars for medical expenses, including fertility care. While these accounts may not cover the full cost of egg freezing, they can help reduce your out-of-pocket expenses. Remember that FSA funds typically need to be used within the calendar year, while HSA funds roll over.

Social media partnerships 

A small number of women with large social media followings have worked with fertility clinics to document their egg freezing experience in exchange for free or discounted services. While this option is limited to those with significant online audiences (typically 100,000+ followers), it represents how some clinics are embracing social media for patient education and awareness. These arrangements usually require the influencer to create multiple posts or videos about their experience, sharing details about the process and their specific clinic. Of course, disclosure of such partnerships is legally required, and both clinics and influencers must follow medical advertising guidelines. This route isn't accessible to most women, but it has helped normalize conversations about egg freezing on social platforms.

Going abroad

Another option more women are exploring is freezing their eggs abroad. Countries like Spain, Czech Republic, and Mexico offer the procedure at 30-50% lower costs than U.S. clinics. The math can work out even after factoring in travel expenses, and some women combine their treatment with an extended stay abroad.However, regulations and oversight vary significantly between countries. While many international clinics maintain high medical standards, you'll want to research facilities carefully. Consider practical aspects like language barriers and how you'll handle follow-up care once you're back home. Storage security and legal protections also differ by location, so ask detailed questions about how your eggs will be maintained long-term.Read more in Pros and Cons of Going Abroad for Egg Freezing

‍More traditional ways to fund egg freezing

Of course, there are more common ways to pay for egg freezing including:

• Financing through a lender
• Taking on freelance work or consulting to save up additional money
• Taking a job at an employer that offers egg freezing as a benefit
• Asking a partner to help pay for a portion of the expenses
• Using credit cards with 0% APR introductory periods (this requires a solid repayment plan)

Summing it up

Egg freezing doesn't have to be financially out of reach. From sharing eggs with families in need to exploring treatment abroad to leveraging social media partnerships, women today have more creative options than ever to make this possible. While not every approach works for everyone, understanding these alternatives can open new doors. The most important thing is taking that first step to research your options and find a path that aligns with your goals and values.Want to learn more about the Split program? Take our quiz to see if you qualify.

When the first baby was born from a frozen egg in 1986, it was considered a miracle of modern science. Today, egg freezing has evolved from an experimental procedure to a mainstream fertility option, with thousands of babies born from frozen eggs worldwide each year. But as more women consider freezing their eggs, debates continue about the medical, ethical, and social implications of this technology.

Some view egg freezing as a powerful tool for reproductive autonomy, allowing women to increase their chances of pregnancy later in life by preserving their younger, healthier eggs. Others worry about everything from medical risks to societal implications. 

This article explores the six “controversies” surrounding egg freezing. We'll examine these criticisms, look at what the research actually shows, and discuss how the conversation continues to evolve. Let’s dive in.

1. Medical considerations and concerns

Some people have concerns about egg freezing, particularly regarding the safety of the procedure. However, many of their concerns stem from earlier days of the technology. 

Today, research shows the procedure is generally safe, though, like any medical procedure, it carries some risks. In a single egg freezing cycle, the risk of a serious adverse event is under 2.5%. Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) accounts for the majority of complications, occurring in 0.1-2% of cycles. The risk of other acute complications, including pelvic infection, intraperitoneal hemorrhage, or ovarian torsion, is small (<0.5%). The risks overall are generally low and can be minimized through careful monitoring and appropriate medical management.

Read more in Is Egg Freezing Safe? An OBGYN Answers Your Top Questions

2. The "false hope" debate

Another criticism is that egg freezing provides false hope to women about their future fertility. Critics raise a few concerns, so let's examine each one alongside current data and understanding.

Success rates

Critics point to declining success rates with age at freezing. While it's true that egg quality decreases with age, this is precisely why egg freezing can be valuable. By preserving eggs at a younger age, women can freeze younger eggs to use later on. A woman who freezes her eggs at 32 can use those same 32-year-old eggs when she's ready to build her family, whether that's at 36 or 42. Because IVF success depends more on the age of the eggs than the age of the mother when carrying the pregnancy, egg freezing can increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy in the future.

Thawing

Another concern is that not all frozen eggs will survive the thaw process. However, modern flash-freezing techniques (vitrification) have dramatically improved survival rates. Current data shows that 95% of eggs now survive the thawing process. This is why fertility doctors typically recommend freezing multiple eggs, accounting for both thaw rates and the typical number of eggs needed for a successful pregnancy.

Read more about Egg Freezing Thaw Rates

No guarantees

Critics also argue that having frozen eggs doesn't guarantee a future pregnancy. This is true – no fertility treatment comes with a guarantee. However, framing egg freezing as a way to increase your chances of a healthy pregnancy down the line, rather than a guarantee, helps set realistic expectations. One study found that a woman under 35 will need 9 eggs to achieve a 70% chance of having at least one live birth. 

Oversimplified marketing

Some suggest that marketing oversimplifies the complexity of fertility. This is a valid concern, and it's why transparent education about the process is so important. However, most women who pursue egg freezing do so after careful research and consultation with board-certified fertility doctors. They typically understand that it's one option among many for family planning.

Rather than providing false hope, egg freezing can offer realistic hope when women receive accurate information about success rates and limitations. We aim to ensure that women have access to clear, evidence-based information to make informed decisions about their reproductive futures.

3. Workplace benefits controversy

The addition of egg freezing to corporate benefits packages has sparked particular debate. Some critics argue that these benefits send a problematic message to female employees, suggesting they should prioritize work over starting a family. Some view it as a subtle form of pressure to delay parenthood, keeping talented women at their desks longer rather than taking maternity leave. Others see it as companies avoiding more meaningful family-friendly workplace reforms, like comprehensive parental leave policies, flexible work arrangements, or on-site childcare facilities.

However, supporters of these benefits present a different perspective. They argue that providing egg freezing coverage simply expands the range of reproductive choices available to women, particularly given the significant cost of the procedure. With egg freezing often costing $15,000 or more per cycle (plus annual storage fees), employer coverage can make this option accessible to more women who might otherwise be unable to afford it. Additionally, these benefits acknowledge the reality that many professionals want to pursue both career advancement and parenthood, but may not be ready for children during their most fertile years.

While the debate continues about the implications of these benefits, let’s acknowledge that egg freezing coverage remains relatively rare. Despite headlines about tech giants and large consulting firms offering this benefit, the vast majority of American women lack access to any fertility coverage through their employers. This means most women must pay out of pocket for the procedure, creating a significant gap between those who have employer support and those who don't.

Looking at the bigger picture, egg freezing benefits shouldn't replace comprehensive family-friendly workplace policies, but they can be part of a larger benefits package that supports employees' diverse needs and life choices. These benefits should exist alongside, rather than instead of, other family-supporting policies. When implemented thoughtfully, egg freezing coverage can be one component of a workplace that truly supports women's reproductive and career choices. The real issue may not be whether companies should offer these benefits, but why more companies don't provide any fertility coverage at all.

4. Social implications and pressures

The increasing popularity of egg freezing reflects and influences broader societal conversations about reproduction, careers, and modern family planning. As the procedure becomes more common, it raises questions about how we view the timing of parenthood in contemporary society. Some worry that the availability of egg freezing might create an expectation that women should delay having children until they've reached certain career milestones or financial goals, potentially shifting our cultural norms around when and how people choose to start families.

The reality is that both men and women are having children later in life - a trend that mirrors other demographic shifts like longer life expectancy, extended years of education, and later marriages. While we're living longer and healthier lives than ever before, our reproductive biology hasn't evolved at the same pace. A woman born today might live well into her 80s or 90s, but her eggs are most viable in her 20s and early 30s - creating a disconnect between our biological and social timelines.

Today's families often want to achieve financial stability, advance in their careers, find the right partner, and feel emotionally ready for parenthood before having children. These are reasonable goals, but they can conflict with optimal fertility timing. Rather than creating pressure to delay parenthood, egg freezing technology merely provides an option for those already planning to have children later, helping bridge the gap between biological and social timelines.

These social discussions reflect deeper cultural tensions about work-life balance, gender roles, and reproductive choices. While egg freezing offers increased flexibility in family planning, it also raises questions about how society can better support people in building families when and how they choose. This leads to broader discussions about workplace support for parents, the cost of childcare, and how to create environments where people don't have to choose between career growth and family planning.

5. Cost and access concerns

The significant cost of egg freezing raises important questions about equity in reproductive healthcare. With prices typically ranging from $15,000 to $20,000 per cycle, plus annual storage fees, many women are priced out of this option entirely. This creates a troubling dynamic where fertility preservation becomes accessible primarily to higher-income women or those working for companies that provide coverage. Some argue this deepens existing reproductive healthcare disparities, while others say that as the technology becomes more common, costs will naturally decrease.

These financial barriers become particularly concerning when considering that many women might need multiple cycles to freeze enough eggs for future family building. The high costs can force women to compromise on the number of eggs they freeze, potentially affecting their future chances of success.

This is why we started Cofertility - to help make fertility care more accessible. Through our Split program, qualified freezers can freeze their eggs for free when donating half of the eggs retrieved to a family who can’t otherwise conceive.

Through our Keep program — where you keep 100% of eggs retrieved for your own future use — we offer exclusive discounts on expenses, such as frozen egg storage. Keep members also still gain free access to our Freeze by Co Community, a safe space for those engaging in the egg freezing process (or gearing up for it) to connect and lean on each other.

By making egg freezing easier and more accessible, our programs further strengthen the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)’s Committee Opinion that egg freezing can help promote social justice and strengthen gender equality.

6. Control over women’s reproductive choices

Perhaps the most fundamental controversy surrounding egg freezing stems from a sadly familiar source: resistance to women having control over their reproductive choices. Just as with birth control and abortion, egg freezing faces criticism simply because it gives women more reproductive autonomy. Some critics mask their discomfort with women's bodily autonomy behind concerns about "natural" conception or traditional family structures.

This resistance often manifests in subtle ways: dismissing egg freezing as "selfish," suggesting women are "playing God," or implying that women should simply have children younger rather than wait until they are ready. These criticisms ignore the complex realities of modern life and the valid reasons women might want to preserve their fertility options.

The bottom line

At Cofertility, we believe women deserve access to accurate information about their reproductive options and the ability to make informed choices about their futures. We're working to make egg freezing more accessible while maintaining high standards for patient education. We understand that egg freezing isn't right for everyone, but we believe women deserve the opportunity to make that choice for themselves.

Rather than letting these controversies discourage women from exploring their options, we should focus on addressing the underlying issues: improving access, ensuring transparent success rate reporting, developing better insurance coverage, and most importantly, defending women's right to make their own reproductive choices. The future of egg freezing lies not in whether women should have this option, but in how we can make it more accessible, successful, and supported for those who choose it.

If you’re considering freezing your eggs, you might have lots of other priorities going on — including your career. According to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART), egg freezing is a dramatically growing trend, with a 30% year-over-year increase in cycles. 

Still, you might be wondering: Can you work while freezing your eggs? Do you need to take time off? This guide provides actionable strategies to help you manage egg freezing and work, from scheduling appointments to requesting time off for egg freezing.

How will freezing my eggs impact my work schedule?

Balancing egg freezing and work requires some planning, as the process involves hormone injections, frequent monitoring appointments, and the final egg retrieval procedure. Here’s how each stage might impact your work schedule:

Hormone injections

Hormone injections are administered daily for 10 to 14 days, typically in the evening. If you work a standard daytime schedule, you can still go into the office and handle your injections after work. For those who work evening or night shifts, you may need to adjust your hours, work remotely, or take short-term time off for egg freezing. 

If needed, you can even give yourself injections in your office bathroom, as long as you use an alcohol pad to keep the injection area sterile and safely dispose of your needles. Your medication should come with a small sharps container; if you need an extra one for this reason, ask your clinic. 

Fertility medication delivery

If you live in a large city, such as New York or Los Angeles, specialty pharmacies often carry fertility medications for same-day pick-up. In other areas, medications are typically shipped overnight to your home. Since these medications are time-sensitive (and some require refrigeration), you may need to be home to accept the delivery. If you can, schedule delivery on a day you work remotely, take a few hours off, or coordinate the delivery with a trusted friend ro neighbor.

Monitoring appointments

During the 10-14 day stimulation phase, you’ll have a few monitoring appointments to track how your follicles are growing. These appointments usually include ultrasounds and bloodwork and are scheduled directly with the clinic throughout the cycle. Fortunately, most clinics offer early-morning appointments, allowing more flexibility. You’ll need to plan your schedule to accommodate these visits.

Egg retrieval procedure

The egg retrieval procedure itself is minimally invasive and you won’t need to be at the clinic for more than a few hours, but we highly recommend taking the day off work so you can rest after the procedure. Most people feel well enough to resume work the next day, but it’s wise to block off  time around your projected retrieval date in case you want or need extra time to recover. 

Can you work while freezing your eggs?

The short answer is yes. Most women continue working full time during their egg-freezing cycle. However, it requires flexibility and proactive communication with your team. Here are some tips to help you navigate egg freezing and work seamlessly:

1. Talk to your employer: If you feel comfortable, let your manager or HR team know that you are undergoing a medical procedure that requires temporary flexibility. Be clear about your needs, such as the ability to work remotely or adjust your hours. If you don’t want to disclose specifics, you can simply say you are undergoing a “medical treatment” without mentioning egg freezing.
2. Block off key dates: Once your cycle begins, you’ll have an estimated timeline for your appointments and egg retrieval. Block off your calendar for early-morning monitoring visits and plan to take the day off for the egg retrieval. Since the exact timing of your retrieval depends on how your body responds to the hormone injections, be prepared to adjust your schedule with short notice. It’s a good idea to communicate this need for flexibility to your manager, as well as your peers or direct reports, in advance.
3. Work ahead: I know this is easier said than done, but if possible, complete high-priority tasks in advance to reduce stress during your cycle.
4. Be strategic about remote work: If your company allows remote work, use it to your advantage during the two-week egg freezing cycle. Working from home can help you stay more comfortable and manage any potential side effects from your hormone medications, like fatigue, bloating, or emotional changes.
5. Understand benefits and FMLA: You’ll want to understand your company’s benefits to see what type of resources and/or support you’re entitled to (if any) for an egg freezing cycle. Plus, if you work for a company with 50 or more employees, you may qualify for unpaid, job-protected leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). While FMLA doesn’t explicitly cover egg freezing, it may apply if the procedure is deemed medically necessary. Check your workplace policies and consult HR to understand your rights.
6. Leverage team support: If your workload feels overwhelming, it might be beneficial to fill in a trusted colleague or two, so you can coordinate coverage if needed. Or, at the very least, have a shoulder to lean on. 

Self-Care Strategies During Egg Freezing and Work

If balancing work, life, and an egg freezing cycle feels stressful, try these self-care strategies to stay healthy and reduce anxiety:

Manage side effects

For some people, hormone injections can cause bloating, mood swings, and fatigue. Stay hydrated, eat nutritious meals, and get plenty of rest to help manage these symptoms. I highly recommend avoiding tight clothes. Keep comfortable clothes and snacks on hand, especially if you’re working from the office.

Prioritize work-life balance

Set boundaries during your egg-freezing cycle. Limit after-hours work commitments, and allow yourself time to rest and recover after appointments and your egg retrieval.

Stress management

Incorporate stress-reducing activities such as yoga, meditation, or gentle exercise into your routine. Even a short walk during your lunch break can help clear your mind.

Lean on your support system

Share your experience with trusted friends, family members, or online support groups. Connecting with others who have undergone egg freezing can provide reassurance and practical advice. At Cofertility, we provide all members with access to our private online community, filled with tips, guidance, and a built-in support system. 

How Cofertility can help

If you’re considering freezing your eggs, we can help simplify the process. In addition to providing the opportunity to freeze your eggs for free when you donate half the eggs retrieved to another family that can’t otherwise conceive, Cofertility offers resources to connect our members with trusted clinics, provides educational materials, and fosters a supportive community. Whether you need guidance on scheduling, medication delivery, or balancing egg freezing and work, we’re here to be a helpful partner on your journey.

Summing it up

With proper planning and support, freezing eggs while working full-time is entirely achievable. By understanding how the process impacts your schedule, communicating your needs with your employer, and prioritizing self-care, you can successfully balance both. Whether you need time off for the egg retrieval or flexible hours for monitoring appointments, being proactive will ensure a smoother experience. 

With resources like Cofertility and support from loved ones, you can take control of your reproductive future while thriving in your professional life. To see if you qualify for our Split program that provides free egg freezing, take our one-minute quiz here. 

When we founded Cofertility, we set out to solve a problem: egg freezing was too expensive, too isolating, and too complex for many of us to access. We believed there had to be a better way. By reimagining the entire experience—from cost to care to community—we've created programs that work for more women.

This year, Goop recognized Cofertility as one of the best egg-freezing services, highlighting our commitment to making fertility preservation more accessible while maintaining the highest medical standards. This recognition means a lot to us, but what matters most is what it represents: a new way forward for women considering egg freezing.

We've built something different. Through our Keep and Split programs, we're proving that excellent fertility care can be both accessible and affordable. Here's a closer look at what sets Cofertility apart and why we're considered the top choice for women considering egg freezing in 2024.

Two groundbreaking programs that put women first

Cofertility offers two distinct programs designed to meet different needs and preferences. The Keep program provides traditional egg freezing services, allowing women to store all their retrieved eggs for future use. By freezing your eggs through Cofertility’s Keep program, you’ll gain access to:

• Preferred and vetted fertility clinic recommendations in many major areas, with discounted or free consultations 
• Skip the line — many fertility clinics have months-long waitlists for egg freezers. If you work with one of our partner clinics, we’ll help get you through faster
• Special discounts on long-term egg freezing storage
• Dedicated, 1:1 support from our Member Advocates to help you through every step of your egg freezing journey
• Access to our members-only community of women in all stages of their egg freezing journey and direct, free access to fertility experts 
• Financial support and resources through our financing partner, Sunfish (waived application and membership fees for all Cofertility members)

Cofertility believes in complete transparency about costs. The Keep program provides detailed pricing upfront, including:

• All medical procedures
• Necessary medications
• Storage fees
• Additional services

What truly distinguishes Cofertility is our Split program—a first-of-its-kind approach that makes egg freezing entirely free, including medications and storage, while maintaining the same high standards of care. Through Split, women can freeze and store their eggs at no cost by donating half of the retrieved eggs to a family who cannot conceive otherwise. This program maintains the same exceptional standards as Keep while making fertility preservation accessible to more women. 

Why the Split program is revolutionary

The Split program earned particular praise for its innovative approach to making egg freezing accessible. Unlike traditional egg freezing services that can cost $15,000 or more, Split provides:

• Free egg freezing and storage
• Free medications
• Free genetic screening
• The opportunity to help another family
• The same high-quality care as the Keep program

This program removes financial barriers while allowing women to preserve their fertility and help others build families.

Quality care without compromise

At Cofertility, medical excellence is non-negotiable. We partner exclusively with the nation's top fertility clinics, ensuring every patient receives care from board-certified reproductive endocrinologists and experienced embryologists. These partnerships mean patients benefit from:

• State-of-the-art laboratories and freezing techniques
• Rigorous quality control standards
• Comprehensive genetic screening
• Industry-leading success rates

Personal support from dedicated Member Advocates

At the heart of Cofertility's exceptional experience are our Member Advocates—experienced professionals who guide you through every aspect of your egg freezing process. Our Member Advocates provide personalized, one-on-one support from your first consultation through egg freezing and beyond.

Each Member Advocate brings extensive knowledge about fertility care and a deep commitment to supporting women through this significant decision. They're not just coordinators; they're advocates who:

• Help you understand your options between our Keep and Split programs
• Connect you with top clinics that match your needs and location
• Coordinate all medical appointments and scheduling
• Answer questions about medications and procedures
• Provide emotional support throughout the process
• Help you join our community of others going through similar experiences

Many of our Member Advocates have personal experience with fertility treatment, bringing both professional expertise and genuine empathy to their roles. They understand the questions, concerns, and emotions that come with egg freezing because they've been there themselves.

This personalized support makes a real difference. As one member noted, "Having someone who knew exactly what to expect, could answer all my questions, and was always available made me feel so much more confident about my decision to freeze and donate my eggs."

Our Member Advocates are available through text, email, or phone—whatever works best for you. They're known for their quick response times and willingness to go above and beyond to support our members. Whether you need help understanding a medical term, want to adjust your medication schedule, or just need someone to talk to, your Member Advocate is there.

Founded and run by women

In an industry historically dominated by male leadership and corporate interests, we aim to be different. Our female founders brought both professional expertise and personal understanding to reimagine egg freezing from the ground up.

What makes Cofertility different is that we've experienced these challenges firsthand. We understand the anxiety of waiting rooms, the complexity of insurance paperwork, the stress of scheduling appointments around work, and the weight of making decisions about your future fertility. This perspective shapes everything we do:

• We design our programs around women's actual needs and schedules
• We explain medical information clearly, without condescension
• We build supportive communities rather than leaving women to navigate this alone
• We prioritize transparency in pricing and medical information
• We create inclusive spaces for all paths to parenthood

This female-led approach extends throughout our organization. Our team brings together women with deep experience in healthcare, technology, and fertility services. Many have gone through fertility treatment themselves. This collective experience helps us anticipate and solve problems before they affect our members.

Being women-founded and women-led isn't just about representation—it's about fundamentally changing how fertility care works. We're proud to be recognized as the best egg freezing service, but we're even prouder of why: we're creating the fertility care experience that women deserve.

Making egg freezing work for you

Being named the best egg freezing service by Goop is an honor, but our real measure of success is in the women we serve every day. Whether you choose our Keep program or our innovative Split program, you'll find the same commitment to excellence, personal support, and genuine care that earned us this recognition.

The future of fertility care shouldn't be defined by barriers and limitations. It should be shaped by choice, accessibility, and support. At Cofertility, we're proud to lead this change, but we're even prouder to support women as they make important decisions about their fertility.

Ready to learn more? Reach out to us. We'll help you understand your options, answer your questions, and guide you toward the program that best fits your needs. You can also join our community to connect with others who are considering or going through egg freezing.

Your fertility decisions are personal, but you don't have to navigate them alone. Let us show you why we're considered the best in egg freezing—not just for what we do, but for how we do it.

Egg freezing starts with something called "ovarian stimulation" - which may sound technical, but it's actually pretty straightforward.

When you decide to freeze your eggs, your doctor will start you on a medication protocol to stimulate your ovaries. While your body naturally releases one egg per month, for egg freezing to be effective, we want to collect multiple mature eggs in a single cycle. That's what ovarian stimulation is: a process that uses injectable medications to help your ovaries produce several eggs at once, giving you a better chance of preserving good quality eggs for your future.

These medications mimic the natural hormones in your body - just at higher levels - encouraging your ovaries to mature multiple eggs instead of just one. The process typically takes 8-12 days, during which you'll have monitoring appointments to check your progress. Understanding what happens during ovarian stimulation and what you might experience physically can help you prepare for the process ahead. 

In this article, we'll break down the medications used, what to expect at each stage, and how to make the experience more manageable.

What is the purpose of ovarian stimulation?

The main goal of ovarian stimulation is to help you freeze multiple mature eggs at once, improving your chances of having a baby in the future. Think of it like this: when you naturally try to conceive, you're working with one egg per month. If that egg isn't viable or doesn't fertilize, you try again next month. But when you're freezing eggs, you want to maximize your chances by collecting several mature eggs in a single cycle. Getting multiple eggs at once is particularly important because not every frozen egg will successfully thaw, fertilize, or develop into a healthy embryo later. By stimulating your ovaries to mature multiple eggs at once, you increase your options for your future family planning.

What happens in your body during ovarian stimulation

Ovarian stimulation follows a fairly predictable timeline, though each person's experience varies slightly. Here's what you can typically expect during the process:

• Day 1-5: Your ovaries begin responding to the medications, growing multiple follicles simultaneously. Each follicle contains an egg. You'll start regular monitoring appointments to track your progress.
• Day 5-10: Follicles continue growing, and hormone levels rise. Your monitoring appointments become more frequent as your doctor fine-tunes medication doses based on your response.
• Days 10-14: As your eggs reach maturity, your doctor will schedule your trigger shot and egg retrieval. Timing becomes very precise at this stage.

Throughout stimulation, you'll have regular appointments to track your progress:

• Blood tests measure your hormone levels, helping your doctor adjust medication doses for optimal results.
• Ultrasounds show how many follicles are growing and their size. These transvaginal ultrasounds are quick and help your doctor determine when you're ready for egg retrieval.

What you might notice

Physical changes during ovarian stimulation can vary person to person, but commonly include:

• Bloating, especially as follicles grow
• Tenderness in your lower abdomen
• Fatigue
• Breast tenderness
• Mood changes from hormonal fluctuations

Most women maintain their normal activities during stimulation, though you might want to scale back intense exercise as your ovaries enlarge.

Read more in What are the Side Effects and Risks of Egg Freezing?

What to do during ovarian stimulation

Success with ovarian stimulation often comes down to organization and support:

Create a medication schedule:

• Set alarms for injection times
• Keep medications properly stored
• Track your appointments
• Note any symptoms or questions for your doctor

Build your support system:

• Consider having someone help with injections
• Join egg freezing support groups (like Cofertility!)
• Keep your care team informed of any concerns
• Plan for rest when needed

Before beginning stimulation:

• Learn proper injection techniques from your fertility care team
• Organize your medication and supply storage
• Plan your monitoring appointment schedule
• Arrange any needed support
• Clear up any questions about your protocol

As stimulation progresses, your doctor will monitor your follicles' growth and hormone levels to determine the ideal time for egg retrieval. This precise timing helps ensure the highest number of mature, viable eggs for freezing.

Is ovarian stimulation painful?

While ovarian stimulation isn't typically painful, you may experience some discomfort during the process. The daily hormone injections use very thin needles - most women describe them as feeling like a quick pinch. Some report mild soreness at injection sites, similar to how your arm might feel after a flu shot. 

As mentioned above, during stimulation, you might feel increasingly bloated or experience tenderness in your lower abdomen as your ovaries grow larger. This is normal and expected. The monitoring appointments include transvaginal ultrasounds, which might be uncomfortable but shouldn't be painful. If you do experience significant pain during stimulation, it's important to let your doctor know right away

Read more in Does Egg Freezing Hurt?

What is overstimulation?

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a rare but potential complication where your ovaries respond too strongly to the fertility medications. Think of it as your ovaries becoming overachievers - they produce too many follicles, leading to excessive hormone levels. 

Mild OHSS can cause increased bloating, mild nausea, and abdominal discomfort. More severe cases might involve significant bloating, shortness of breath, or severe abdominal pain. The good news is that OHSS is largely preventable with modern protocols and careful monitoring. Your doctor will track your response to medications through regular blood tests and ultrasounds, adjusting your protocol if needed to minimize this risk. If you're concerned about OHSS, talk with your doctor about your personal risk factors and the precautions they take to prevent it.

The bottom line

Understanding ovarian stimulation is an important step in your egg freezing process! While the daily medications and monitoring appointments might seem overwhelming at first, remember that thousands of women have successfully completed this process before you. Your body is capable of amazing things, and with modern science and proper support, the stimulation phase is usually very manageable.

At Cofertility, we believe knowledge is power. That's why our Member Advocates will be with you every step of the way, ready to answer questions and provide support. Whether you're just starting to research egg freezing or ready to begin your medications, we're here to help you navigate this process with confidence.

Have questions about egg freezing or want to learn more about your options? Reach out to us. We'll help you understand what to expect and how to prepare for this important step in your fertility journey.

Let's address the question that's likely on your mind if you're considering egg freezing: will this hurt? 🥴

The short answer is that egg freezing involves some discomfort, but it's typically manageable and temporary. Most people tell us the process was less uncomfortable than they expected. The most challenging parts tend to be the bloating near the end of your cycle and some cramping after the egg retrieval - similar to what you might experience during a heavy period.

Since egg freezing is an elective procedure, you'll want to know exactly what you're signing up for. In this article, we'll walk through each step of the process - from daily hormone injections to the retrieval procedure - and explain what to expect. You'll learn how others have managed any discomfort, what tools and techniques can help, and how to best prepare yourself for the experience. We'll also share specific strategies for those with lower pain tolerance and tips for communicating effectively with your medical team about pain management.

The daily medication routine

The egg freezing process begins with hormone injections stimulating your ovaries to produce multiple eggs. These shots are given subcutaneously (under the skin) using a small needle. While not exactly pleasant, most people find them manageable, especially after the first few days.

Tips for more comfortable injections:

• Ice the injection site for a few minutes before
• Choose a comfortable position (many prefer lying down)
• Consider having someone else administer the shots
• Rotate injection sites to minimize bruising

You might experience some bloating and tenderness as your ovaries respond to the medication. This is normal and typically feels similar to PMS symptoms.

Read more in I'm Afraid of Needles; Can I Still Freeze My Eggs?

Monitoring appointments

Throughout your cycle, you'll have regular monitoring visits that include transvaginal ultrasounds and blood draws. The ultrasounds involve a wand inserted into the vagina to check follicle growth. While not painful, you may feel pressure with this. Blood draws are quick, with most people reporting only brief discomfort.

If you're nervous about blood draws or have a history of feeling faint, make sure you let your care team know. They can use smaller needles or different techniques to make the experience more comfortable.

The egg retrieval process

The final step is the egg retrieval, a 30-minute procedure performed under sedation. Here's what to expect:

Before: An IV line will be placed for your sedation medication. You might feel a quick pinch.

During: You'll be unconscious and won't feel the retrieval process.

After: Most people experience cramping and bloating similar to menstrual pain. This typically resolves within a few days. Your doctor can recommend appropriate pain medication if needed.

Managing expectations

It's helpful to understand that while egg freezing isn't painless, most people report that it was less uncomfortable than they anticipated. The process involves:

• Brief, manageable moments of discomfort rather than sustained pain
• Predictable timing of procedures
• Medical support throughout
• Clear protocols for pain management

Tips for people with low pain tolerance

If you're particularly sensitive to pain or anxious about medical procedures:

• Communicate your concerns with your medical team upfront
• Consider speaking with a therapist about anxiety management
• Practice relaxation techniques
• Use music or other distractions during procedures
• Ask about all available pain management options

Making your decision

When weighing whether to freeze your eggs, pain concerns shouldn't be the deciding factor. Most people find the process very manageable with proper support and preparation. Focus instead on your long-term fertility goals and discuss any specific concerns with your doctor.

Remember that everyone's experience is different. What one person finds uncomfortable, another might barely notice. The key is to:

• Ask questions upfront
• Prepare mentally and physically
• Trust your medical team
• Advocate for yourself
• Have support systems in place
• Focus on your reasons for freezing

How to freeze your eggs for free

While pain concerns shouldn't stop you from freezing your eggs, cost often does (understandably). That's why at Cofertility, we've created an innovative program called Split that makes egg freezing accessible to more people. Here's how it works:

When you freeze your eggs for free through our Split program, you keep half your retrieved eggs for your own future use, and donate the other half to a family who needs donor eggs to conceive. Cofertility covers all your costs - including medications, procedures, genetic testing, and storage for up to ten years. 

The Split program isn't just about making egg freezing affordable - it's about helping another family while helping yourself. Our members tell us that the ability to give someone else the chance at parenthood adds meaning to their own egg freezing experience.

Summing it up

Understanding the potential discomfort involved in egg freezing helps you approach the process with realistic expectations. While there may be some uncomfortable moments, most people find them temporary and manageable. With proper preparation and support, you can navigate the process successfully, keeping your focus on your “why”. 

As a Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI) specialist, I've had the privilege of guiding many women with diabetes through their fertility journeys. The intersection of diabetes care and reproductive health requires some unique considerations, but I'm continually inspired by the resilience and determination of my patients. Thanks to advancements in reproductive medicine, women with diabetes now have more options than ever for family planning.

In this article, I'll share how diabetes can impact fertility, the egg freezing process for women with diabetes, the potential for diabetic women to become egg donors, and important considerations for managing diabetes during fertility treatments.

Whether you're actively planning for a family, considering preserving your fertility for the future, or simply curious about your options, this guide aims to provide you with comprehensive, up-to-date information. 

Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus comes in two main forms that affect blood sugar control in different ways. Type 1 diabetes is a rare condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and kills the cells that make insulin in the pancreas. Only about 1% of people in developed countries have this form. Without these cells, the body can't produce insulin, which is vital for controlling blood sugar. Making matters worse, the body also releases too much of a hormone called glucagon, which further disrupts blood sugar balance.

Type 2 diabetes is much more common, showing up in about 8.5% of adults. Instead of losing insulin-producing cells, people with Type 2 diabetes have cells that don't respond properly to insulin– a problem called insulin resistance. It's like having a key (insulin) that doesn't quite fit the lock (cell receptors) anymore. 

While these conditions start differently, they can begin to look similar over time. People with Type 2 diabetes might eventually lose their insulin-producing cells, while those with Type 1 can develop resistance to insulin, especially if they gain weight from insulin shots or become less active. When someone with Type 1 diabetes develops significant insulin resistance, doctors call it "double diabetes"– it's like having aspects of both types at once. Both groups face similar long-term health risks, including increased chances of infertility.

Understanding the impact of diabetes on fertility

Diabetes can significantly affect a woman's reproductive health in various ways. The condition may disrupt hormone balance, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and potential ovulation issues. Women with diabetes, especially those struggling with blood sugar control, might face:

• Increased risk of vaginal yeast infections and urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Difficulties conceiving
• Increased risk of complications during pregnancy
• Higher likelihood of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Premature ovarian aging

These challenges make it even more important for women with diabetes to consider their fertility options early. This is where egg freezing and donation can enter the picture.

Can I freeze my eggs if I have diabetes?

Egg freezing, or oocyte cryopreservation, is a medical procedure for women who want to increase their chances of conceiving down the line. For women with diabetes, this procedure can be particularly valuable. Generally someone with diabetes can safely freeze their eggs, but your doctor will evaluate your health and medical history on a case by case situation before giving you medical clearance.  

If cleared, egg freezing can offer the opportunity to preserve eggs before potential diabetes-related complications arise, providing flexibility in family planning and reducing stress about declining fertility due to age or diabetes-related health issues.

The process of egg freezing for women with diabetes is similar to that for non-diabetic women, but with some important considerations:

1. Strict blood sugar management is important before and during the egg freezing process.
2. Women may need to work closely with their endocrinologist to adjust their diabetes management plan.
3. Fertility medications used in the process may affect blood sugar levels, so insulin or other diabetes medication dosages might need tweaking.
4. More intensive monitoring may be required throughout the process.

While egg freezing can be a game-changer, it's not without risks. Women with diabetes may have an increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). However, with proper medical supervision and careful management of blood sugar levels, most women with diabetes successfully undergo egg freezing.

Can I donate my eggs if I have diabetes?

Many women with diabetes wonder if they can become egg donors. The answer isn't straightforward, and it depends on several factors, including the type of diabetes, duration of the condition, overall health, blood sugar control, and preferences of the fertility doctor. 

All egg donors undergo a rigorous screening process, which includes:

• Comprehensive medical history review
• Physical examination
• Blood tests and genetic screening
• Detailed diabetes management assessment

Unfortunately, women who have Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) that was diagnosed in childhood (aka juvenile diabetes) are generally not eligible for egg donation. Most clinics also disqualify anyone with prediabetes or Type II diabetes. If you’d like us to review your specific case, please reach out. 

Managing diabetes during fertility treatments

Whether pursuing egg freezing or considering egg donation, managing diabetes during fertility treatments is important. Maintaining optimal blood sugar levels can improve the quality of eggs, reduce the risk of complications, and potentially improve the success rates of the procedures.

Beyond medical management, lifestyle factors play a significant role. A balanced Mediterranean diet, regular exercise, stress management techniques, and adequate sleep all contribute to overall health and can positively impact fertility treatments.

Success rates and outcomes

Regarding success rates, the data for women with diabetes undergoing egg freezing is limited. However, there are studies of women with diabetes undergoing infertility treatments, like IVF. While we can't assume those outcomes directly translate to egg freezing success rates, they do provide valuable insights.

One study found that women with Type II diabetes and infertility have decreased ovarian reserve and a lower chance of pregnancy during IVF.

Another study found the same thing: that women with Type II diabetes had a “significantly decreased” chance of live birth. However, this study also found that women with Type 1 diabetes had an equivalent chance of a live birth per embryo transfer as women without diabetes, as long as their blood sugar levels were well-managed.

Looking to the future

The field of egg freezing for patients with diabetes is continuously evolving. Ongoing research focuses on improving ovarian stimulation protocols, enhancing egg freezing techniques, and better understanding the long-term effects of diabetes on egg quantity and quality.

For women with diabetes considering egg freezing or donation, it's important to have open, honest discussions with your fertility doctor. 

While diabetes adds complexity to fertility and family planning, options like egg freezing are making it possible for more women with diabetes to pursue their dreams of parenthood. With careful management, expert medical care, and informed decision-making, women with diabetes can explore these fertility preservation options with confidence.

Thanks to developments in medical technology, a growing emphasis on reproductive autonomy (thank goodness), and opportunities like our Split program, egg freezing is now more accessible than ever. However, the financial commitment doesn’t stop with the initial freezing process. A key consideration is the long-term cost of storing frozen eggs, an important component of financial planning for those pursuing egg freezing.

Understanding frozen egg storage costs can help you make informed decisions about your reproductive future. Whether you're considering freezing your eggs now or managing storage costs from a previous cycle, knowing the financial breakdown can ensure better long-term planning. After all, these days, frozen eggs can be stored indefinitely. 

Below, we explore the typical expenses associated with frozen egg storage and the factors that can affect these costs. One note: this article contains figures provided at the time of writing, and they may all be subject to change over time. 

Average costs of egg storage

Retrieving and freezing your eggs is just the beginning. Once frozen, your eggs will need to be stored, and the cost of egg storage can vary widely depending on the facility, location, and other factors. Here's a general breakdown of what you can expect to pay for storing your frozen eggs:

Annual egg storage fees

On average, storage fees for frozen eggs can range from $500 to $1,000 per year. These fees cover the ongoing maintenance of your eggs at sub-zero temperatures in a cryobank or fertility clinic. Some clinics in major metropolitan areas may charge upwards of $1,200 per year, while smaller clinics or cryobanks in less populated regions may offer more affordable rates.

Many facilities offer discounts for pre-paying for several years of storage upfront. These long-term storage plans may reduce the yearly cost to around $400 to $700 per year, depending on the contract length. Typically, clinics offer 3-to 10-year prepaid storage options, with deeper discounts for more extended commitments.

You also have the option of working directly with a long-term storage facility. Cofertility partners with TMRW Life Sciences, which offer our members – regardless of where they froze their eggs – discounted long-term storage rates (more on that below!).

Transportation costs 

In addition to the annual fees, there may be other costs to consider, such as the cost to transport your eggs to a different facility or clinic. Moving frozen eggs between storage facilities, either across town or internationally, can cost up to $1,500, depending on the logistics involved.

Factors affecting egg storage costs

Several factors influence the total cost of storing your eggs. Here's a look at the most common elements that determine frozen egg storage pricing:

Geographic location

Like most medical or cryopreservation services, egg storage costs vary significantly depending on the location of the cryobank or fertility clinic. Facilities in major cities tend to charge more due to higher operational costs. In contrast, clinics in smaller towns or rural areas may offer more affordable rates. Women freezing their eggs in cities like New York, San Francisco, or Los Angeles may see storage fees at the higher end of the spectrum, while facilities in less densely populated areas might provide more budget-friendly options.

Type of egg storage facility

‍The type of facility storing your eggs also plays a role in the cost. Fertility clinics, dedicated cryobanks, and hospital-affiliated storage facilities all have different pricing structures. Fertility clinics often charge more for egg storage, as they may outsource the service to third-party cryobanks and tack on additional fees. Dedicated cryobanks, such as TMRW Life Sciences, may offer better deals, especially if they specialize in long-term storage. Hospitals with fertility departments may provide storage, but the costs can vary significantly depending on their resources and expertise in fertility preservation.

Storage duration

The length of time you store your eggs also impacts the total cost. As mentioned earlier, many facilities offer discounts for long-term storage commitments, with prepaid plans that can save you money over time. If you expect to store your eggs for five years or more, opting for a multi-year plan may be a smart financial decision.

Additional services

Some clinics or cryobanks charge extra fees for services like annual maintenance, insurance, or egg retrieval for future use. These services can add hundreds of dollars to your overall storage costs, so it's essential to ask about all potential fees upfront when choosing a storage facility.

One note: check with your clinic to see if the number of eggs stored (or number of cycles) will impact your annual storage fees. It generally doesn’t, but worth confirming directly. 

Tips for managing egg storage costs

While egg storage costs can add up over time, there are several strategies you can use to manage these expenses more effectively:

Shop around

Don’t assume you must store your eggs at the same fertility clinic where they were frozen. In fact, many fertility clinics send eggs to third-party cryobanks for storage and may charge an additional fee for this service. It's worth researching local cryobanks and comparing their rates directly, as this could save you money. If you’re interested in learning more about storage with TMRW, Cofertilty’s team can get you connected directly. 

Consider bundled packages

Some clinics offer bundled packages that include both the egg freezing process and a certain number of years of storage at a discounted rate. If you're just beginning the egg freezing process, ask about package deals that could save you money on storage costs in the long run.

Explore financial assistance options

There are several grants, financing programs, and payment plans designed to help women cover the costs of egg freezing and storage. For example, organizations like Baby Quest and the Cade Foundation offer grants for fertility preservation, while some clinics may provide in-house financing options. We’ve actually got a whole article about various ways to pay for egg freezing, which you can find here. 

Our programs

We offer our members ways to help reduce or eliminate storage costs altogether. With our Split program, where you freeze your eggs for free when donating half of the mature eggs retrieved, storage is entirely free for 10 years. Alternatively, the Keep program allows you to freeze all of your eggs for your own future use, while still accessing discounted rates for storage through Cofertility’s partnership with TMRW Life Sciences. 

Cofertility’s partnership with TMRW Life Sciences

We’ve partnered with TMRW Life Sciences to offer our community exclusive storage rates, helping to save thousands on frozen egg storage costs. TMRW’s state-of-the-art facility provides unparalleled transparency, safety, and accountability, using advanced digital labeling and RFID tracking technology to monitor the storage of your frozen eggs continuously. 

With TMRW, you also have constant access to data about your eggs, so you can feel confident that they are being stored securely and safely.

Summing it up

Egg storage costs are an often overlooked part of the overall financial planning process when considering egg freezing. From annual storage fees to potential transportation costs, it's important to understand all the factors that contribute to the total cost of egg freezing. 

By exploring different storage options, taking advantage of bundled packages, and considering innovative opportunities like our Split and Keep programs, you can manage your egg storage costs more effectively while safeguarding your reproductive future.

To learn more about our Split program and see if you qualify, click here!

Read More:

• Egg Freezing: How Long Can My Eggs Be Stored?
• What Happens to My Eggs After Egg Freezing?
• What Happens to My Frozen Eggs if I Never Use Them?
• How to Pay for Egg Freezing

If you're considering egg freezing, or have already frozen your eggs, you may have encountered terms like "mature" and "immature" eggs. Understanding the distinction between these two types of eggs can help you grasp the egg freezing process and its potential outcomes. 

This article will delve into the biological differences between mature and immature eggs, their significance in egg freezing, and what this means for your fertility journey.

The basics of egg development

To comprehend the difference between mature and immature eggs, it's helpful to understand the process of egg development, also known as oogenesis. This process begins before birth and continues throughout a woman's reproductive years.

Primordial follicles: The starting point

At birth, a female's ovaries contain approximately 1-2 million primordial follicles, each housing an immature egg (oocyte). These primordial follicles represent the total pool of potential eggs a woman can produce in her lifetime.

The menstrual cycle and egg maturation

During each menstrual cycle, a subset of these primordial follicles begins to grow and develop. However, typically only one follicle (occasionally more) will fully mature and release an egg during ovulation. The rest of the developing follicles will naturally degenerate.

During egg freezing

The egg freezing process aims to optimize this natural cycle by using medication to produce multiple mature eggs in one cycle, significantly increasing the number of mature eggs available for freezing compared to a natural menstrual cycle.

What are mature eggs?

Mature eggs, also known as secondary oocytes or metaphase II (MII) oocytes, have completed the first meiotic division and are ready for fertilization. 

Mature eggs several distinct features:

• First polar body: The most obvious sign of a mature egg is the presence of the first polar body in the perivitelline space (the area between the egg and its outer shell, called the zona pellucida).
• Size and shape: A mature egg is typically round and of a standard size. However, the study linked above notes that egg size can vary, and this variation doesn't necessarily affect fertilization or embryo quality.
• Cytoplasm: Ideally, a mature egg should have a homogeneous (evenly distributed) cytoplasm. However, slight variations in cytoplasmic appearance are common and may not indicate any problems.
• Zona pellucida (ZP): This is the outer shell of the egg. In a mature egg, it should be clear and of normal thickness.
• Perivitelline space: This is the space between the egg itself and the zona pellucida. In a mature egg, this space should be of normal size, not too large or too small.
• Meiotic spindle: While not visible under regular microscopy, specialized techniques can reveal the presence of a meiotic spindle, which is crucial for proper chromosome alignment.
• Absence of certain features: Mature eggs should not have a visible nucleus (called a germinal vesicle), which is a sign of immaturity.

While these are the ideal characteristics, many eggs retrieved in egg freezing may show one or more variations from these "ideal" criteria. Some variations are considered normal and don't necessarily impact the egg's ability to be fertilized or develop into a healthy embryo. However, certain features, like the presence of smooth endoplasmic reticulum clusters, are considered potentially problematic.

What are immature eggs?

Immature eggs, also called primary oocytes or immature ovum, are eggs that have not completed the process of meiosis, a specialized type of cell division necessary for reproduction. 

During egg freezing, not all eggs will mature, and some will be retrieved that are considered immature. These eggs are generally smaller than mature eggs, and cannot be fertilized by sperm today.

Immature eggs fall into two categories:

1. Germinal vesicle (GV) stage eggs: These are the most immature and are identifiable by the presence of a visible nucleus.
2. Metaphase I (MI) stage eggs: These eggs have begun the maturation process but haven't completed it. They lack both a visible nucleus and a polar body.

While immature eggs are usually not frozen, at Cofertility we try and ask clinics to keep them for our members. It is our hope that in the future, these immature eggs will be able to be reliably matured in the laboratory. 

How many eggs will be mature?

On average, approximately 80% of eggs retrieved during egg freezing are mature, while 20% are immature. 

Several factors can influence the number of mature eggs retrieved:

1. Age: Younger women typically produce a higher percentage of mature eggs. As women age, not only does the total number of eggs decrease, but the proportion of mature eggs may also decline.
2. Ovarian stimulation protocol: The medications and dosages used during the stimulation phase can affect egg maturity. Your fertility doctor will tailor the protocol to optimize the number of mature eggs retrieved.
3. Timing of the trigger shot: The timing of the final maturation trigger is critical. If given too early or too late, it can affect the maturity of the eggs at retrieval.
4. Individual response to stimulation: Every woman's ovaries respond differently to stimulation. Some may produce a higher percentage of mature eggs, while others may have more immature eggs.
5. Underlying fertility conditions: Certain conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can affect egg maturity rates.

During the egg retrieval process, the embryologist will examine each egg under a microscope to determine its maturity. The presence of some immature eggs is normal and expected. In fact, having a mix of mature and immature eggs can be a sign of a healthy response to ovarian stimulation.

While it's natural to focus on the number of mature eggs retrieved, it's important to remember that quality matters as much as quantity. A smaller number of high-quality mature eggs can be more valuable than a larger number of lower-quality eggs.

What’s the difference between immature and mature eggs?

Today, mature eggs are the gold standard. Here's why:

Higher survival rates after thawing

Mature eggs have completed critical developmental stages, making them more resilient to the freezing and thawing process. They're better equipped to withstand the physical stress of vitrification (flash-freezing) and subsequent warming.

Greater potential for fertilization

Once thawed, mature eggs are immediately ready for fertilization. They've already undergone the necessary cellular changes to allow for the entry and processing of sperm DNA.

Improved embryo development

Eggs that were mature at the time of freezing tend to result in higher-quality embryos after fertilization. This can lead to better chances of successful implantation and pregnancy.

What Split Members should know

If you’re part of our Split program, where members freeze their eggs for free when donating half to a family that otherwise can’t conceive, there are a few things you should know:

• You will receive immediate ownership of half of the mature eggs retrieved. If there is an odd number, the intended parent will keep the extra egg.
• You also receive 100% of immature eggs retrieved to the extent clinic policy allows (not all clinics are able to cryopreserve GV eggs).
• We cover ALL egg freezing expenses and 10 years of storage. Of course you can get the eggs sooner if needed.

The reason we give 100% of immature eggs to the Split Member (egg donor) is because, while it’s not possible today, we hope that in the future that embryologists will be able to mature immature eggs in the lab. 

Summing it up

Grasping the difference between mature and immature eggs is helpful to understanding the egg freezing process and setting realistic expectations. While mature eggs are the primary goal of egg freezing, the presence of some immature eggs is normal and doesn't necessarily indicate a problem.

As you consider or proceed with egg freezing, remember that your fertility doctor is your best resource for personalized information. They can provide insights into your individual situation, explain your results, and help you understand what they mean for your fertility preservation goals.

We wish you all the best!

You may not be ready to have kids quite yet, but perhaps you’re starting to think about your future. If you’re exploring fertility preservation or assisted reproductive technologies, you might be considering whether egg freezing and embryo banking is right for you. 

Both options offer unique advantages and considerations, and understanding their differences is important for making an informed choice that aligns with your goals and values. In this guide, we'll dive into both egg freezing vs. embryo banking, empowering you to navigate this important decision with confidence.

How does egg freezing and embryo banking differ?

Both egg freezing and embryo banking begin with the same medical procedure: about 10-14 days of fertility medications and monitoring appointments, followed by an egg retrieval. 

The fertility medications encourage the development of multiple mature eggs, followed by a minimally invasive procedure to retrieve those eggs. The medical process, medications, and monitoring are identical whether you ultimately choose to freeze your eggs or create embryos.

The key difference between egg freezing and embryo banking lies in what happens after your eggs are retrieved.

• Egg Freezing: The retrieved eggs are immediately frozen using vitrification technology and stored until you're ready to use them. In the future, when you decide to pursue pregnancy, these eggs will be thawed, fertilized with sperm, and the resulting embryos will be transferred to your uterus.
• Embryo Banking: The retrieved eggs are fertilized with sperm in the laboratory, creating embryos. These embryos are then cultured for a few days and the healthiest ones are selected and frozen. When you're ready for pregnancy, the embryos are thawed and transferred to your uterus.

In essence, the medical journey up to the point of retrieval is the same for both options. The decision point comes after retrieval, where you choose whether to freeze the eggs unfertilized or to fertilize them and freeze the resulting embryos. Which option is right for you may depend on factors like whether you have a partner or access to sperm at the time of retrieval, or your personal preferences around timing and future family planning.

Egg freezing: increasing your options down the line

Egg freezing, also known as oocyte cryopreservation, is a process where your eggs are retrieved, frozen, and stored for future use. This technology has revolutionized fertility preservation, providing women with the opportunity to delay childbearing and increase their chances of having a biological child later in life.  

Pros of egg freezing

• Flexibility and autonomy: Egg freezing offers women greater control over their reproductive timeline. It allows them to focus on career goals, personal development, or finding the right partner before starting a family.  
• Medical reasons: Women facing medical conditions that may impact their fertility, such as cancer treatment or certain surgeries, can benefit from egg freezing as a way to preserve their options.  
• Technological advancements: Advances in vitrification (flash-freezing) technology have significantly improved the success rates of egg freezing, making it a more reliable option.  

Cons of egg freezing

• Age-related factors: While egg freezing can preserve fertility, the age at which eggs are frozen plays a critical role in their viability and potential for successful pregnancy.  
• Additional procedures: If you decide to use your frozen eggs, you'll need to undergo in vitro fertilization (IVF) to fertilize them and transfer the resulting embryos.  
• Cost: Egg freezing and subsequent IVF can be expensive, and insurance coverage may vary.  

Embryo banking: a step closer to parenthood

Embryo banking, or embryo cryopreservation, involves creating embryos through IVF using a woman's eggs and a partner's or a donor's sperm. These embryos are then frozen and stored for future use.  

Pros of embryo banking

• Known fertility potential: With embryo banking, you have a better understanding of the fertility potential of the embryos, as they have already undergone fertilization and, if you choose, can undergo preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). This allows you to understand the genetic makeup of your embryos sooner and determine whether additional egg retrievals might be needed.
• Higher success rates: Embryos have slightly higher survival rates after thawing compared to eggs, potentially increasing the chances of a successful pregnancy.
• Gender selection: With embryo banking, you have the possibility of learning the sex of the embryos sooner through preimplantation genetic testing), whereas with egg freezing, you would need to wait until fertilization and further testing at a later stage.

Cons of embryo banking

• Requires sperm: Embryo banking requires the use of sperm, which may not be ideal fo r those without access to sperm or those who haven't found a partner yet.  
• Ethical and legal considerations: Embryo banking could raise ethical and legal questions regarding ownership, disposition, and potential future use of the embryos, particularly in cases of divorce or death.
• Can’t be undone: Once embryos are created with someone’s sperm, they can’t be turned back into eggs, meaning you can’t change your mind on the biological father for those fertilized eggs down the line.

Questions to ask yourself

Choosing between egg freezing and embryo banking is a deeply personal decision, and will depend on your individual circumstances, goals, and values. To help you navigate this choice, here are some good questions to ask yourself:

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• What are my current relationship goals and family plans? Are you planning to have children with your partner? Or are you unsure about your future plans?
• What is my financial situation, and can I afford the associated costs? Both egg freezing and embryo banking can be expensive. Does your insurance cover the costs? Does your employer, or a partner’s employer, offer any fertility benefits?
• What are my thoughts regarding embryo creation and storage? Embryo banking involves creating and potentially storing embryos that may not be used. Would you be okay with that?
• Am I comfortable with the potential outcomes and uncertainties associated with each option? Both egg freezing and embryo banking have varying success rates, and there's no guarantee of a successful pregnancy. 
• Have I discussed my options with my partner and/or a fertility doctor? Open communication with your partner and seeking guidance from a fertility doctor will help you make an informed decision that aligns with your goals and values.

Remember, knowledge is power. Understanding the processes and considerations involved will help you make the choice that best suits your individual needs and aspirations.

Summing it up

Choosing between egg freezing and embryo banking is a big decision with long-term implications. You’ll want to carefully consider your individual circumstances, goals, and values before moving forward. 

Remember, you can always turn eggs into embryos but the opposite is not true. So if you have any doubt, freezing eggs may provide more flexibility for future decisions.

Egg freezing and embryo banking with Cofertility

We’d love the opportunity to support you on your egg freezing or embryo banking journey.

Through our Split program, qualified applicants can freeze their eggs for free when donating half of the eggs retrieved to a family who can’t otherwise conceive.

Through our Keep program — where you keep 100% of eggs retrieved for your own future use — we offer exclusive discounts on expenses, such as frozen egg storage. Keep and Split members also get access to our Freeze by Co Community, a safe space for those engaging in the egg freezing process (or gearing up for it) to connect and lean on each other.

By making egg freezing easier and more accessible, our programs further strengthen the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)’s Committee Opinion that egg freezing can help individuals overcome the biological constraints of their reproductive timeline, giving egg freezers greater control of their career goals and family planning while promoting social justice and advancing gender equality.

Read more:

• Should I Freeze Eggs or Embryos?
• We Asked Four Women: Did You Freeze Eggs or Embryos?
• How Much It Costs to Freeze Your Eggs
• Should Your Partner Help Pay For Your Egg Freezing?

If you just started researching egg freezing, you might feel like you’ve been introduced to a whole new language. Whether clinical in nature or just shortened slang, with egg freezing comes its own terminology. And even if you’ve already educated yourself on what’s involved with egg freezing, chances are, you’ll come across an acronym you’ve never heard of. 

Fear not. Below, you’ll find a comprehensive list of acronyms, abbreviations, and terms you should know when diving into an egg freezing cycle. Read this, and soon you’ll rattle off egg freezing lingo like a pro. 

Hormones and general fertility 

• AMH: One of the first hormones your reproductive endocrinologist will investigate, Anti-Müllerian Hormone is measured early in a woman’s cycle to determine her ovarian reserve. A higher AMH level correlates to a higher ovarian reserve, or in other words, more eggs.
• CD: "Cycle day"—or the day of one's menstrual cycle, with CD1 = the first day of a period. Understanding your cycle length is super important, as it may indicate your most fertile window of dates. It will also help you determine any irregularities to consider as you embark on an egg freezing cycle. 
• DPO: "Days past ovulation." In a typical menstrual cycle, women can expect their period at 14DPO.
• Dx: Diagnosis, the medical identification of a condition or issue affecting fertility, which may impact decisions regarding egg freezing and related treatments.
• E2: Estradiol, a female hormone that's produced by ovarian follicles and determines how well a woman is responding to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with fertility drugs. If you're freezing your eggs, you’ll have several routine monitoring appointments that include ultrasounds and bloodwork that measures estradiol levels. The higher the estradiol, the more follicles that are likely developing and (fingers crossed) the more eggs that may be retrieved.
• FSH: Follicle stimulating hormone, a hormone released from the pituitary gland to stimulate the ovaries or testicles. When getting an initial fertility workup, you'll get tested for your existing FSH. If you're taking FSH as a drug as part of your egg freezing protocol, it's also known in the United States as Follistim, Gonal-F or Bravelle.
• hCG: Human Chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone produced by an implanting embryo. If this hormone is present in a woman's blood, it indicates a possible pregnancy. It can also be given to women undergoing an egg freezing cycle to trigger ovulation right before a retrieval procedure.
• LH: Luteinising Hormone, a hormone released by the pituitary gland to stimulate the gonads (ovaries and testicles). If you're freezing your eggs, you'll have levels of this hormone measured often via bloodwork in order to determine ovulation timing.
• LMP: "Last menstrual period," or the start date of a woman's last menstrual period.
• MII: Metaphase II, the stage of egg maturation where the egg is ready for (hypothetical) fertilization, with chromosome alignment necessary for successful embryo development.
• PCOS: "Polycystic ovarian syndrome," a condition where the ovaries develop many small cysts, which results in irregular periods and ovulation. It can contribute to future infertility, so if you know you have PCOS, regardless of whether you’re freezing your eggs or not, chat with a reproductive endocrinologist to ensure a safe and healthy plan.
• TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland meant to stimulate the release of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. Recent research has suggested that slightly low TSH may associate with fertility challenges.

Egg freezing 

• AFC: “Antral follicle count,” a count of the number of small follicles in a woman's ovaries, seen via ultrasound early on in her cycle. Used to measure ovarian reserve, you'll have a lot of these if you're freezing your eggs to monitor how you're responding to ovary-stimulating medication.
• ART: “Assisted reproductive technology,” including any procedure involving egg retrievals and manipulating eggs and sperm outside the body. It includes things like egg freezing, gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and zygote intrafallopian transfer/tubal embryo transfer (ZIFT/TET). 
• BCP: Birth control pills. If you’re freezing your eggs, your doctor may prescribe these as part of a medicated cycle in order to regulate the timing
• COH: “Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation,” when several follicles mature simultaneously in response to fertility drug treatment. The key word here is controlled. Your follicle growth will be carefully monitored by your doctor, who will adjust your medication protocol accordingly to stimulate or halt further growth.
• ER: "Egg retrieval" — not "emergency room!" An ER will be performed as part of an egg freezing cycle, and may also be referred to as a VOR (“Vaginal Oocyte Retrieval”).
• IM: Intramuscular, a method of injecting medication directly into a muscle. This method is often used for hormone treatments during the egg freezing process.
• OC: “Oocyte Cryopreservation,” which is another term for egg freezing. 
• OHSS: “Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,” a condition where the ovaries become excessively swollen and painful due to the overproduction of eggs from fertility medications. This is very rare, but can happen.
• REI: "Reproductive endocrinologist," or a doctor who specializes in treating male and female fertility.
• SD1: “Stimulation Day 1,” or the first day of medication administered to stimulate the ovaries for egg production during the egg freezing process.
• SQ: Subcutaneous (also abbreviated as SC), a method of injecting medication into the fatty tissue just under the skin, commonly used for administering fertility hormones during an egg freezing cycle.
• TVUS: “Transvaginal Ultrasound,” an imaging technique used to visualize the ovaries and follicles internally, providing information about egg development and ovarian health. If you’re undergoing an egg freezing cycle, you’ll have a lot of these, but they are quick and painless. 

Egg donation

• DE: “Donor eggs,” or eggs provided by another woman to be fertilized with sperm and transferred to the uterus of an intended parent or gestational carrier.
• IP: “Intended parent,” which is a person who becomes the legal parent of a child born through third party reproduction.

If you’re feeling totally overwhelmed by all that’s involved with egg freezing, we’ve got you covered. Take our quiz to see how you may qualify for our more accessible egg freezing opportunities, including our Split program, through which you can freeze your eggs for free when you donate half to another family who can’t conceive. 

We’re wishing you the best of luck on your egg freezing journey! 

In recent years, egg freezing has become a popular option for those looking to preserve their fertility. The procedure, which involves retrieving and freezing eggs for future use, can offer some flexibility for those who may want the option of having kids down the line. However, like any medical procedure, egg freezing isn’t without risks. One pressing concern among prospective egg freezers is whether the process might increase the risk of cancer. 

This is a fair question, considering that during an egg freezing cycle, patients do take medication for hormonal manipulation, and hormones do play a role in some cancers, like breast cancer. This article explores current research on the topic, focusing on the potential cancer risks associated with fertility medications used in egg freezing. 

Understanding egg freezing medications

Before we dive into associated risks, it’s important to understand the egg freezing process and what medications are used. Egg freezing involves stimulating the ovaries to produce multiple eggs, which are then retrieved and frozen — as opposed to in vitro fertilization (IVF), where eggs are fertilized right away and resulting embryos are either transferred into a uterus or frozen for future use. 

In both IVF and egg freezing, the patient uses several hormonal medications to enhance egg production, including:

Gonadotropins (FSH and LH)

• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates the ovaries to produce multiple follicles, each containing an egg.
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Works in concert with FSH to promote follicle growth and maturation.

Elevated levels of FSH and LH could theoretically increase the exposure of breast and ovarian tissues to hormones, but current research hasn’t established if this influences cancer cell proliferation. 

GnRH agonists and antagonists

• GnRH agonists: These medications initially increase, then suppress the production of FSH and LH by the pituitary gland, preventing premature ovulation.
• GnRH antagonists: Directly block the pituitary gland’s release of FSH and LH, also preventing premature ovulation.

By controlling the release of FSH and LH, GnRH agonists and antagonists help manage the stimulation of the ovaries. These medications have a more regulatory role, which may not have a direct impact on cancer risk.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG):

hCG mimics the natural LH surge to trigger the final maturation of eggs before they are retrieved. The hormonal impact of hCG is more short-term compared to the longer-term effects of FSH and LH. Current research considers hCG to carry minimal risk impact, due to its temporary use. 

Current research findings

It’s important to maintain a discerning eye when reviewing research about egg freezing and cancer. Earlier studies may have suggested a possible connection, but were often not very controlled and had small sample sizes. 

Breast cancer

In 2022, a meta-analysis encompassing 25 studies and 617,479 participants alleviated most concerns. The data yielded by the meta-analysis indicated that fertility treatments were not associated with a significant increase in breast cancer risk, even if patients underwent six or more cycles. This is reassuring, considering the huge sample size. What’s more is that this data involved long-term follow-up — even after a decade (more time for potentially latent cancer to manifest), the findings remained consistent. 

Ovarian cancer

The research on ovarian cancer risk related to fertility treatments is less definitive but still reassuring. A review published in Current Opinions in Obstetrics and Gynecology (2017) found that while some earlier studies suggested a potential increase in ovarian cancer risk, there is no overall association between fertility medication use and invasive ovarian cancer. The authors emphasize that earlier studies compared subfertile (aka infertile) groups — already at slightly increased risk of ovarian cancer — to the general population. In other words, previous studies did not compare groups apples-to-apples and should have used a more similar group as a control.

Endometrial and uterine cancer

Studies on risks of developing endometrial cancer — the most common type of uterine cancer — related to fertility medications have also been reassuring. A 2021 Cancer Causes & Control study with 146,104 participants found no substantial evidence linking fertility treatments to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. The review noted that while hormone exposure can be a factor in endometrial cancer risk, current data does not show a significant enough association between egg freezing medication usage and endometrial cancer.

That being said, there are other less common forms of uterine cancer to consider, like uterine sarcomas. However, a 2024 Fertility and Sterility article noted that there is no conclusive evidence that fertility drugs increase the risk of uterine cancer. People with infertility may be at higher risk of uterine cancer, but this is true without the usage of medications and doesn’t apply to those without infertility who are electively freezing their eggs.

Limitations and areas for further research

It’s important to recognize that most studies have focused on people undergoing IVF due to infertility rather than elective egg freezers. Infertility itself, along with other factors, could influence cancer risk, making it challenging to generalize findings from infertile populations to those opting for elective egg freezing.

Long-term data specific to egg freezing and cancer risk is still emerging. While current evidence is reassuring, ongoing research will provide more comprehensive insights into the potential long-term impacts. Findings can also be extended from egg freezing to egg donation, as the same process, medication, and risks apply to both scenarios.

Next steps

While there is still a degree of uncertainty and research is still ongoing, current findings provide a reassuring outlook for those considering egg freezing. Large-scale studies generally find no significant association between fertility medications and an increased risk of cancer, including breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. However, as with any medical procedure, it is essential to stay informed and consider emerging research. Ultimately, only you can determine your own comfort zone. 

If you have concerns about egg freezing and associated risks, reaching out to experts can provide clarity and guidance. At Cofertility, we are dedicated to helping you understand your egg freezing options, addressing any questions you may have, and help you freeze your eggs more affordably — even for free for those who donate half of the eggs retrieved to another family who can’t conceive. To learn more and get started, click here. 

Sources

National Cancer Institute. Cancer Causes and Prevention. Published April 2015. Accessed September 2023. URL

Cullinane C, Gillan H, Geraghty J, et al. Fertility treatment and breast-cancer incidence: meta-analysis. BJS Open. 2022;6(1):zrab149. doi:10.1093/bjsopen/zrab149 URL

Kroener L, Dumesic D, Al-Safi Z. Use of fertility medications and cancer risk: a review and update. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Aug;29(4):195-201. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000370. PMID: 28538003; PMCID: PMC5551049. URL

Guleria, S., Jensen, A., Albieri, V. et al. Endometrial cancer risk after fertility treatment: a population-based cohort study. Cancer Causes Control. 2021. 32, 181–188. URL

Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Fertility drugs and cancer: a guideline. Fertility and Sterility. 2024; 106: 1617-1626. URL

If you're considering egg freezing or donation and are just curious about its long-term effects, you may have heard a rumor: "Does egg donation cause early menopause?" It's a valid question, and in this article I will break it down for you with the latest scientific information and my professional insights as a board-certified OB/GYN.

I have guided countless patients considering egg freezing and donation processes, and I understand the importance of addressing these concerns head-on. After all, your reproductive health is a big deal, and you deserve clear, accurate information to help you make informed decisions.

In this article, I’ll explain the science behind egg freezing and donation, explore common misconceptions, and look at what the research really says about its impact on your future fertility. I'll also share some insights on what actually influences the timing of menopause and offer tips on how to take care of your reproductive health. Alright, let’s go!

The short answer

Let's start with the good news: No, neither egg freezing nor egg donation causes early menopause, also known as premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). But I know you're looking for more than just a simple "no." You want to understand why, how we know this, and what these processes actually do to your body. So let’s go even deeper.

Understanding your ovaries and egg supply (aka ovarian reserve)

Before we get into the specifics of egg freezing and donation, let's refresh our understanding of how ovaries work. You were born with all the eggs you'll ever have – about 1-2 million of them! By the time you hit puberty, that number has already decreased to about 300,000-500,000. Throughout your reproductive years, you'll typically release one egg per month during ovulation.

Your body is constantly losing eggs, whether you're trying to get pregnant, on birth control, or not thinking about fertility at all. It's a natural process called atresia. Each month, several eggs begin to mature, but usually only one reaches full maturity and is released during ovulation. The rest are reabsorbed by the body.

What happens during egg freezing and donation?

When you freeze your eggs or donate them, you're given hormones to stimulate your ovaries to mature multiple eggs in a single cycle – typically anywhere from 10 to 20 eggs. These are eggs that would have otherwise been lost to the natural process of atresia. We're not dipping into some secret egg reserve or using up eggs that your body was "saving" for later.

The main difference between egg freezing and donation is what happens to the eggs after they're retrieved. With egg freezing, they're stored for your future use. With donation, they're provided to someone else who needs them to build their family. And with an egg sharing program like we offer at Cofertility, you keep and store half of your eggs retrieved for up to 10 years for free when you donate the other half to a family who can’t conceive otherwise.

Why the misconception exists

So, if the science is clear, why does this myth persist? There are a few reasons:

• Misunderstanding of ovarian stimulation: The process of stimulating multiple eggs to mature at once can sound unnatural, leading some to worry it's "using up" eggs too quickly.
• Confusion with natural fertility decline: As we age, our fertility naturally declines. Both the quantity and quality of our eggs decreases. Some people might attribute this normal process to their past egg freezing or donation.
• Individual variations: Someone who froze or donated eggs might experience fertility issues later, but this isn't necessarily caused by the procedure. Remember, 1 in 6 people are affected by infertility, whether they froze their eggs or not.
• Lack of long-term studies: While we have good medium-term data, very long-term studies (30+ years) are still ongoing. This can lead to uncertainty for some people.

What egg freezing and donation actually do to your body

Okay, so if these procedures don't cause early menopause, what do they actually do to your body? Let's break it down. During the stimulation cycle, you'll experience short-term hormonal changes, with higher levels of some hormones circulating in your system. This can lead to symptoms like bloating, mood swings, and breast tenderness – similar to what you might experience during your menstrual cycle, just more pronounced. These effects are temporary and typically subside after the egg retrieval process.

I break down all of the side effects and risks of egg freezing here. 

The medications used in egg freezing and donation will temporarily override your natural menstrual cycle. This is a necessary part of the process to stimulate multiple eggs to develop. After the egg retrieval, it usually takes about 1-2 months for your cycle to return to its normal rhythm. During this time, you might experience some irregularity in your periods, but this is generally nothing to be concerned about.

There is a minor risk of complications, primarily ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), where the ovaries become swollen and painful. However, serious cases of OHSS are rare, especially with modern protocols and careful monitoring throughout the process. Your medical team will be vigilant in watching for any signs of OHSS and can adjust your treatment if necessary.

Perhaps most importantly, current evidence shows no significant long-term impact on your fertility or the timing of menopause from egg freezing or donation procedures. Your body continues its natural reproductive processes after these procedures, and your remaining eggs are unaffected. This means that your future fertility and the onset of menopause should follow their natural course, just as they would have without the egg freezing or donation process.

Factors that actually influence menopause timing

Now that we've cleared up the egg freezing and donation myth, let's talk about what really can influence when you'll hit menopause:

1. Genetics: The age your mother went through menopause is a good indicator of when you might do so.
2. Your period: The age when you had your first period can influence the timing of menopause, especially if you got your first period before age 11. So can an irregular menstrual cycle.
3. Number of pregnancies: Compared to those who had never been pregnant or who had been pregnant for less than six months, women who had one full-term pregnancy had an 8% lower risk of early menopause. Those who had two pregnancies had a 16% lower risk, and those who had three pregnancies had a 22% lower risk.
4. Lifestyle factors: The use of tobacco and alcohol, as well as your level of physical activity, can influence when menopause occurs.
5. Medical history: Procedures that remove your ovaries or uterus can affect menopause timing. So too can autoimmune diseases.
6. Diet: Your diet, particularly the consumption of polyunsaturated fats, may have an effect.

Notice that egg freezing and donation aren't on this list!

Taking care of your fertility

Whether you're considering egg freezing, donation, or neither, there are several important steps you can take to support your reproductive health. First and foremost, regular check-ups are key. Keeping up with your gynecological exams allows you to stay on top of your reproductive health and provides opportunities to discuss any concerns with your doctor. These regular visits can help catch potential issues early and ensure you're taking the best possible care of your reproductive system.

Adopting a healthy lifestyle is another key aspect of maintaining your fertility. This includes eating a balanced diet rich in nutrients that support reproductive health, exercising regularly to maintain a healthy weight and promote overall well-being, and avoiding harmful habits like smoking. These lifestyle choices not only benefit your reproductive health but also contribute to your overall health and longevity.

If you're concerned about your future fertility, considering options like egg freezing can be a proactive step. At Cofertility, we understand the importance of having options when it comes to your reproductive future. 

• Through our Split program, qualified freezers can freeze their eggs for free when donating half of the eggs retrieved to a family who can’t otherwise conceive.
• Through our Keep program — where you keep 100% of eggs retrieved for your own future use — we offer exclusive discounts on expenses, such as frozen egg storage. Keep members also still gain free access to our Freeze by Co Community, a safe space for those engaging in the egg freezing process (or gearing up for it) to connect and lean on each other.

By making egg freezing easier and more accessible, our programs further strengthen the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM)’s Committee Opinion that egg freezing can help promote social justice and strengthen gender equality.

Final thoughts

So, there you have it – the long and short of egg freezing, egg donation, and menopause. The bottom line is that current scientific evidence does not support the idea that these procedures cause early menopause. Your body is incredibly resilient, and these processes work within your natural reproductive system, not against it.

That being said, egg freezing and donation are still significant medical procedures. It's important to work with reputable clinics (like our partner clinics!) that prioritize your health and provide comprehensive information.

Understanding your body and your options is key to making informed decisions about your reproductive health. Whether you're considering egg freezing, thinking about donation, or just curious about how it all works, I hope this information has been helpful.

If you have more questions about egg freezing, donation, or reproductive health in general, don't hesitate to reach out. At Cofertility, we're here to support you every step of the way on your fertility journey.

Read more:

• What are the Side Effects and Risks of Egg Freezing?
• Does Donating Eggs Affect Your Fertility?
• What’s the Best Age to Freeze My Eggs?